本文首先分析React在DOM事件上的架构设计、相关优化、合成事件(Synethic event)对象,从源码层面上做到庖丁解牛的效果。同时,简单介绍下react事件可能会遇到的问题。
1. 总体设计
react在事件处理上具有如下优点:
几乎所有的事件代理(delegate)到
document
,达到性能优化的目的对于每种类型的事件,拥有统一的分发函数
dispatchEvent
事件对象(event)是合成对象(SyntheticEvent),不是原生的
react内部事件系统实现可以分为两个阶段: 事件注册、事件触发。
2. 事件注册
ReactDOMComponent在进行组件加载(mountComponent)、更新(updateComponent)的时候,需要对props
进行处理(_updateDOMProperties):
ReactDOMComponent.Mixin = { _updateDOMProperties: function (lastProps,nextProps,transaction) { ... for (propKey in nextProps) { // 判断是否为事件属性 if (registrationNameModules.hasOwnProperty(propKey)) { enqueuePutListener(this,propKey,nextProp,transaction); } } } } function enqueuePutListener(inst,registrationName,listener,transaction) { ... var doc = isDocumentFragment ? containerInfo._node : containerInfo._ownerDocument; listenTo(registrationName,doc); transaction.getReactMountReady().enqueue(putListener,{ inst: inst,registrationName: registrationName,listener: listener }); function putListener() { var listenerToPut = this; EventPluginHub.putListener(listenerToPut.inst,listenerToPut.registrationName,listenerToPut.listener); } }
代码解析:
上述
transaction
是ReactUpdates.ReactReconcileTransaction的实例化对象enqueuePutListener进行两件事情: 在
document
上注册相关的事件;对事件进行存储
2.1 document上事件注册
document的事件注册入口位于ReactBrowserEventEmitter
:
// ReactBrowserEventEmitter.js listenTo: function (registrationName,contentDocumentHandle) { ... if (...) { ReactBrowserEventEmitter.ReactEventListener.trapBubbledEvent(...); } else if (...) { ReactBrowserEventEmitter.ReactEventListener.trapCapturedEvent(...); } ... } // ReactEventListener.js var ReactEventListener = { ... trapBubbledEvent: function (topLevelType,handlerBaseName,element) { ... var handler = ReactEventListener.dispatchEvent.bind(null,topLevelType); return EventListener.listen(element,handler); },trapCapturedEvent: function (topLevelType,element) { var handler = ReactEventListener.dispatchEvent.bind(null,topLevelType); return EventListener.capture(element,handler); } dispatchEvent: function (topLevelType,nativeEvent) { ... ReactUpdates.batchedUpdates(handleTopLevelImpl,bookKeeping); ... } } function handleTopLevelImpl(bookKeeping) { ... ReactEventListener._handleTopLevel(bookKeeping.topLevelType,targetInst,bookKeeping.nativeEvent,getEventTarget(bookKeeping.nativeEvent)); ... }
代码解析:
2.2 回调函数存储
函数的存储,在ReactReconcileTransaction
事务的close阶段执行:
transaction.getReactMountReady().enqueue(putListener,{ inst: inst,listener: listener }); function putListener() { var listenerToPut = this; EventPluginHub.putListener(listenerToPut.inst,listenerToPut.listener); }
事件的存储由EventPluginHub
来进行管理,来看看其中的具体实现:
// var listenerBank = {}; var getDictionaryKey = function (inst) { return '.' + inst._rootNodeID; } var EventPluginHub = { putListener: function (inst,listener) { ... var key = getDictionaryKey(inst); var bankForRegistrationName = listenerBank[registrationName] || (listenerBank[registrationName] = {}); bankForRegistrationName[key] = listener; ... } }
react中的所有事件的回调函数均存储在listenerBank
对象里面,根据事件类型、component对象的_rootNodeID为两个key,来存储对应的回调函数。
3. 事件的执行
事件注册完之后,就可以依据事件委托进行事件的执行。由事件注册可以知道,几乎所有的事件均委托到document上,而document上事件的回调函数只有一个: ReactEventListener.dispatchEvent,然后进行相关的分发:
var ReactEventListener = { dispatchEvent: function (topLevelType,bookKeeping); ... } } function handleTopLevelImpl(bookKeeping) { var nativeEventTarget = getEventTarget(bookKeeping.nativeEvent); var targetInst = ReactDOMComponentTree.getClosestInstanceFromNode(nativeEventTarget); // 初始化时用ReactEventEmitterMixin注入进来的 ReactEventListener._handleTopLevel(...,nativeEventTarget,targetInst); } // ReactEventEmitterMixin.js var ReactEventEmitterMixin = { handleTopLevel: function (...) { var events = EventPluginHub.extractEvents(...); runEventQueueInBatch(events); } } function runEventQueueInBatch(events) { EventPluginHub.enqueueEvents(events); EventPluginHub.processEventQueue(false); }
代码解析:
handleTopLevelImpl: 根据原生的事件对象,找到事件触发的dom元素以及该dom对应的compoennt对象
runEventQueueInBatch: 进行批量更新
3.1 合成事件的生成过程
react中的事件对象不是原生的事件对象,而是经过处理后的对象,下面从源码层面解析是如何生成的:
// EventPluginHub.js var EventPluginHub = { extractEvents: function (...) { var events; var plugins = EventPluginRegistry.plugins; for (var i = 0; i < plugins.length; i++) { var possiblePlugin = plugins[i]; if (possiblePlugin) { var extractedEvents = possiblePlugin.extractEvents(topLevelType,nativeEvent,nativeEventTarget); if (extractedEvents) { events = accumulateInto(events,extractedEvents); } } } return events; } }
EventPluginHub不仅存储事件的回调函数,而且还管理其中不同的plugins,这些plugins是在系统启动过程中注入(injection)过来的:
// react-dom模块的入口文件ReactDOM.js: var ReactDefaultInjection = require('./ReactDefaultInjection'); ReactDefaultInjection.inject(); ... // ReactDefaultInjection.js module.exports = { inject: inject }; function inject() { ... ReactInjection.EventPluginHub.injectEventPluginsByName({ SimpleEventPlugin: SimpleEventPlugin,EnterLeaveEventPlugin: EnterLeaveEventPlugin,ChangeEventPlugin: ChangeEventPlugin,SelectEventPlugin: SelectEventPlugin,BeforeInputEventPlugin: BeforeInputEventPlugin }); ... }
从上面代码可以看到,默认情况下,react注入了五种事件plugin,针对不同的事件,得到不同的合成事件,以最常见的SimpleEventPlugin
为例进行分析:
var SimpleEventPlugin = { extractEvents: function (topLevelType,...) { var EventConstructor; switch (topLevelType) { EventConstructor = one of [ SyntheticEvent,SyntheticKeyboardEvent,SyntheticFocusEvent,SyntheticMouseEvent,SyntheticDragEvent,SyntheticTouchEvent,SyntheticAnimationEvent,SyntheticTransitionEvent,SyntheticUIEvent,SyntheticWheelEvent,SyntheticClipboardEvent]; } var event = EventConstructor.getPooled(dispatchConfig,nativeEventTarget); EventPropagators.accumulateTwoPhaseDispatches(event); return event; } }
代码解析:
针对不同的事件类型,会生成不同的合成事件
EventPropagators.accumulateTwoPhaseDispatches: 用于从EventPluginHub中获取回调函数,后面小节会具体分析获取过程
以其中的最基本的SyntheticEvent
为例进行分析:
function SyntheticEvent(dispatchConfig,nativeEventTarget) { ... this.dispatchConfig = dispatchConfig; this._targetInst = targetInst; this.nativeEvent = nativeEvent; var Interface = this.constructor.Interface; for (var propName in Interface) { var normalize = Interface[propName]; if (normalize) { this[propName] = normalize(nativeEvent); } else { if (propName === 'target') { this.target = nativeEventTarget; } else { this[propName] = nativeEvent[propName]; } } } ... } _assign(SyntheticEvent.prototype,{ preventDefault: function () { ... },stopPropagation: function () { ... },... }); var EventInterface = { type: null,target: null,// currentTarget is set when dispatching; no use in copying it here currentTarget: emptyFunction.thatReturnsNull,eventPhase: null,bubbles: null,cancelable: null,timeStamp: function (event) { return event.timeStamp || Date.now(); },defaultPrevented: null,isTrusted: null }; SyntheticEvent.Interface = EventInterface; // 实现继承关系 SyntheticEvent.augmentClass = function (Class,Interface) { ... }
3.2 获取具体的回调函数
上述合成事件对象在生成的过程中,会从EventPluginHub
处获取相关的回调函数,具体实现如下:
// EventPropagators.js function accumulateTwoPhaseDispatches(events) { forEachAccumulated(events,accumulateTwoPhaseDispatchesSingle); } function accumulateTwoPhaseDispatchesSingle(event) { if (event && event.dispatchConfig.phasedRegistrationNames) { EventPluginUtils.traverseTwoPhase(event._targetInst,accumulateDirectionalDispatches,event); } } function accumulateDirectionalDispatches(inst,phase,event) { var listener = listenerAtPhase(inst,event,phase); if (listener) { event._dispatchListeners = accumulateInto(event._dispatchListeners,listener); event._dispatchInstances = accumulateInto(event._dispatchInstances,inst); } } var getListener = EventPluginHub.getListener; function listenerAtPhase(inst,propagationPhase) { var registrationName = event.dispatchConfig.phasedRegistrationNames[propagationPhase]; return getListener(inst,registrationName); } // EventPluginHub.js getListener: function (inst,registrationName) { var bankForRegistrationName = listenerBank[registrationName]; var key = getDictionaryKey(inst); return bankForRegistrationName && bankForRegistrationName[key]; },
3.3 批量执行事件的具体回调函数
react会进行批量处理具体的回调函数,回调函数的执行为了两步,第一步是将所有的合成事件放到事件队列里面,第二步是逐个执行:
var eventQueue = null; var EventPluginHub = { enqueueEvents: function (events) { if (events) { eventQueue = accumulateInto(eventQueue,events); } },processEventQueue: function (simulated) { var processingEventQueue = eventQueue; ... forEachAccumulated(processingEventQueue,executeDispatchesAndReleaseSimulated); ... },} var executeDispatchesAndReleaseSimulated = function (e) { return executeDispatchesAndRelease(e,true); }; var executeDispatchesAndRelease = function (event,simulated) { if (event) { EventPluginUtils.executeDispatchesInOrder(event,simulated); if (!event.isPersistent()) { event.constructor.release(event); } } }; // EventPluginUtils.js function executeDispatchesInOrder(event,simulated) { var dispatchListeners = event._dispatchListeners; var dispatchInstances = event._dispatchInstances; ... executeDispatch(event,simulated,dispatchListeners,dispatchInstances); ... event._dispatchListeners = null; event._dispatchInstances = null; }
4. 可能存在的问题
4.1 合成事件与原生事件混用
在开发过程中,有时候需要使用到原生事件,例如存在如下的业务场景: 点击input框展示日历,点击文档其他部分,日历消失,代码如下:
// js部分 var React = require('react'); var ReactDOM = require('react-dom'); class App extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { showCalender: false }; } componentDidMount() { document.addEventListener('click',() => { this.setState({showCalender: false}); console.log('it is document') },false); } render() { return (<div> <input type="text" onClick={(e) => { this.setState({showCalender: true}); console.log('it is button') e.stopPropagation(); }} /> <Calendar isShow={this.state.showCalender}></Calendar> </div>); } }
上述代码: 在点击input的时候,state状态变成true,展示日历,同时阻止冒泡,但是document上的click事件仍然触发了?到底是什么原因造成的呢?
原因解读: 因为react的事件基本都是委托到document上的,并没有真正绑定到input元素上,所以在react中执行stopPropagation并没有什么用处,document上的事件依然会触发。
解决办法:
4.1.1 input的onClick事件也使用原生事件
class App extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { showCalender: false }; } componentDidMount() { document.addEventListener('click',false); this.refs.myBtn.addEventListener('click',(e) => { this.setState({showCalender: true}); e.stopPropagation(); },false); } render() { return (<div> <input type="text" ref="myBtn" /> <Calendar isShow={this.state.showCalender}></Calendar> </div>); } }
4.1.2 在document中进行判断,排除目标元素
class App extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { showCalender: false }; } componentDidMount() { document.addEventListener('click',(e) => { var tar = document.getElementById('myInput'); if (tar.contains(e.target)) return; console.log('document!!!'); this.setState({showCalender: false}); },false); } render() { return (<div> <input id="myInput" type="text" onClick={(e) => { this.setState({showCalender: true}); console.log('it is button') // e.stopPropagation(); }} /> <Calendar isShow={this.state.showCalender}></Calendar> </div>); } }
5. 小结
React在设计事件机制的时候,利用冒泡原理充分提高事件绑定的效率,使用EventPluginHub
对回调函数、事件插件进行管理,然后通过一个统一的入口函数实现事件的分发,整个设计思考跟jQuery的事件实现上存在相似的地方,非常值得学习借鉴。