其实这个话题很早就想说说了,发现国内不少PHP站点都有XSS漏洞。今天偶然看到PHP5的一个XSS漏洞,在此小结一下。顺便提醒,使用PHP5的朋友最好打下补丁,或者升级一下。 如果你不懂什么是XSS,可以看这里,或者这里(中文的也许会好懂一些)。 国内不少论坛都存在跨站脚本漏洞,例如这里有一个GoogleHack+XSS的攻击例子,针对的是Discuz4.0.0RC3。国外也很多这样的例子,甚至Google也出现过,不过在12月初时修正了。跨站攻击很容易就可以构造,而且非常隐蔽,不易被查觉(通常盗取信息后马上跳转回原页面)。
如何攻击,在此不作说明(也不要问我),主要谈谈如何防范。首先,跨站脚本攻击都是由于对用户的输入没有进行严格的过滤造成的,所以我们必须在所有数据进入我们的网站和数据库之前把可能的危险拦截。针对非法的HTML代码包括单双引号等,可以使用htmlentities()。 <?PHP
$str="A'quote'isbold"; //Outputs:A'quote'isbold
echohtmlentities($str); //Outputs:A'quote'isbold
echohtmlentities($str,ENT_QUOTES);
?>
这样可以使非法的脚本失效。 但是要注意一点,htmlentities()默认编码为ISO-8859-1,如果你的非法脚本编码为其它,那么可能无法过滤掉,同时浏览器却可以识别和执行。这个问题我先找几个站点测试后再说。 这里提供一个过滤非法脚本的函数: functionRemoveXSS($val){
//removeallnon-printablecharacters.CR(0a)andLF(0b)andTAB(9)areallowed
//thispreventssomecharacterre-spacingsuchas<java\0script>
//notethatyouhavetohandlesplitswith\n,\r,and\tlatersincetheyareallowedinsomeinputs
$val=pregreplace('/([\x00-\x08][\x0b-\x0c][\x0e-\x20])/','',$val); //straightreplacements,theusershouldneverneedthesesincethey'renormalcharacters
//thispreventslike<IMGSRC=@avascript:alert('XSS')>
$search='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
$search.='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
$search.='1234567890!@#$%^&*()';
$search.='~`";:?+/={}[]-|\'\';
for($i=0;$i<strlen($search);$i++){
//;?matchesthe;,whichisoptional
//0{0,7}matchesanypaddedzeros,whichareoptionalandgoupto8chars //@@searchforthehexvalues
$val=preg_replace('/(&#[x|X]0{0,8}'.dechex(ord($search[$i])).';?)/i',$search[$i],$val);//witha;
//@@0{0,7}matches'0'zerotoseventimes
$val=preg_replace('/(�{0,8}'.ord($search[$i]).';?)/',$val);//witha;
} //nowtheonlyremainingwhitespaceattacksare\t,\n,and\r
$ra1=Array('javascript','vbscript','expression','applet','Meta','xml','blink','link','style','script','embed','object','iframe','frame','frameset','ilayer','layer','bgsound','title','base');
$ra2=Array('onabort','onactivate','onafterprint','onafterupdate','onbeforeactivate','onbeforecopy','onbeforecut','onbeforedeactivate','onbeforeeditfocus','onbeforepaste','onbeforeprint','onbeforeunload','onbeforeupdate','onblur','onbounce','oncellchange','onchange','onclick','oncontextmenu','oncontrolselect','oncopy','oncut','ondataavailable','ondatasetchanged','ondatasetcomplete','ondblclick','ondeactivate','ondrag','ondragend','ondragenter','ondragleave','ondragover','ondragstart','ondrop','onerror','onerrorupdate','onfilterchange','onfinish','onfocus','onfocusin','onfocusout','onhelp','onkeydown','onkeypress','onkeyup','onlayoutcomplete','onload','onlosecapture','onmousedown','onmouseenter','onmouseleave','onmousemove','onmouSEOut','onmouSEOver','onmouseup','onmousewheel','onmove','onmoveend','onmovestart','onpaste','onpropertychange','onreadystatechange','onreset','onresize','onresizeend','onresizestart','onrowenter','onrowexit','onrowsdelete','onrowsinserted','onscroll','onselect','onselectionchange','onselectstart','onstart','onstop','onsubmit','onunload');
$ra=array_merge($ra1,$ra2); $found=true;//keepreplacingaslongastheprevIoUsroundreplacedsomething
while($found==true){
$val_before=$val;
for($i=0;$i<sizeof($ra);$i++){
$pattern='/';
for($j=0;$j<strlen($ra[$i]);$j++){
if($j>0){
$pattern.='(';
$pattern.='(&#[x|X]0{0,8}([9][a][b]);?)?';
$pattern.='|(�{0,8}([9][10][13]);?)?';
$pattern.=')?';
}
$pattern.=$ra[$i][$j];
}
$pattern.='/i';
$replacement=substr($ra[$i],2).'
$val=preg_replace($pattern,$replacement,$val);//filteroutthehextags
if($val_before==$val){
//noreplacementsweremade,soexittheloop
$found=false;
}
}
}
}