刚接触到题的时候,我也没有考虑到Iterator模式,试了几个一般想法,失败以后。。。。就直接去翻看了foreach的源码实现,期望发现foreach处理对象的时候是否有什么特殊性,可以做为突破口。
跟踪了半天以后发现了核心逻辑中的一个奇怪的switch:
代码如下:
switch (zend_iterator_unwrap(array,&iter TSRMLS_CC)) {
default:
case ZEND_ITER_INVALID:
.....
break
case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT: {
......
break;
case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY:
.....
break;
case ZEND_ITER_OBJECT:
......
break;
}
default:
case ZEND_ITER_INVALID:
.....
break
case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT: {
......
break;
case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY:
.....
break;
case ZEND_ITER_OBJECT:
......
break;
}
从这个结构,我们可以看到,对象分为ZEND_ITER_OBJECT和ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT,这是什么意思呢?
代码如下:
ZEND_API enum zend_object_iterator_kind zend_iterator_unwrap(
zval *array_ptr,zend_object_iterator **iter TSRMLS_DC)
{
switch (Z_TYPE_P(array_ptr)) {
case IS_OBJECT:
if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(array_ptr) == &iterator_object_handlers) {
*iter = (zend_object_iterator *)zend_object_store_get_object(array_ptr TSRMLS_CC);
return ZEND_ITER_OBJECT;
}
if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) {
return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT;
}
return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
case IS_ARRAY:
if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) {
return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY;
}
return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
default:
return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
}
}
zval *array_ptr,zend_object_iterator **iter TSRMLS_DC)
{
switch (Z_TYPE_P(array_ptr)) {
case IS_OBJECT:
if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(array_ptr) == &iterator_object_handlers) {
*iter = (zend_object_iterator *)zend_object_store_get_object(array_ptr TSRMLS_CC);
return ZEND_ITER_OBJECT;
}
if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) {
return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT;
}
return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
case IS_ARRAY:
if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) {
return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY;
}
return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
default:
return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
}
}
这就要讲到PHP的内置接口Iterator了,PHP5开始支持了接口, 并且内置了Iterator接口, 所以如果你定义了一个类,并实现了Iterator接口,那么你的这个类对象就是ZEND_ITER_OBJECT,否则就是ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT.
对于ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT的类,foreach会通过HASH_OF获取该对象的默认属性数组,然后对该数组进行foreach.
而对于ZEND_ITER_OBJECT的类对象,则会通过调用对象实现的Iterator接口相关函数来进行foreach,iterator接口:
代码如下:
Iterator extends Traversable {
/* 方法 */
abstract public mixed current ( void )
abstract public scalar key ( void )
abstract public void next ( void )
abstract public void rewind ( void )
abstract public boolean valid ( void )
}
/* 方法 */
abstract public mixed current ( void )
abstract public scalar key ( void )
abstract public void next ( void )
abstract public void rewind ( void )
abstract public boolean valid ( void )
}
所以, 对于这道笔试题, 可以作出如下的答案:
代码如下:
class sample implements Iterator
{
private $_items = array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
public function __construct() {
;//void
}
public function rewind() { reset($this->_items); }
public function current() { return current($this->_items); }
public function key() { return key($this->_items); }
public function next() { return next($this->_items); }
public function valid() { return ( $this->current() !== false ); }
}
$sa = new sample();
foreach($sa as $key => $val){
print $key . "=>" .$val;
}
{
private $_items = array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
public function __construct() {
;//void
}
public function rewind() { reset($this->_items); }
public function current() { return current($this->_items); }
public function key() { return key($this->_items); }
public function next() { return next($this->_items); }
public function valid() { return ( $this->current() !== false ); }
}
$sa = new sample();
foreach($sa as $key => $val){
print $key . "=>" .$val;
}
以上代码在我的PHP 5.3下运行正常。