1、模式定义
规格模式是组合模式的一种扩展,在框架性开发中使用较多(项目级开发很少使用),这里做一个简单的介绍。 规格模式(Specification)可以认为是组合模式的一种扩展。有时项目中某些条件决定了业务逻辑,这些条件就可以抽离出来以某种关系(与、或、非)进行组合,从而灵活地对业务逻辑进行定制。另外,在查询、过滤等应用场合中,通过预定义多个条件,然后使用这些条件的组合来处理查询或过滤,而不是使用逻辑判断语句来处理,可以简化整个实现逻辑。
这里的每个条件就是一个规格,多个规格/条件通过串联的方式以某种逻辑关系形成一个组合式的规格。
2、UML类图
3、示例代码
Item.PHP
PHP;">
/**
- An item must have a price
- @param int $price
*/
public function __construct($price)
{
$this->price = $price;
}
/** - Get the items price
- @return int
*/
public function getPrice()
{
return $this->price;
}
}
SpecificationInterface.PHP
PHP;">
PHP
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;
/**
规格接口
*/
interface SpecificationInterface
{
/**
判断对象是否满足规格
@param Item $item
@return bool
*/
public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item);
*/
interface SpecificationInterface
{
/**
*/
public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item);
/**
- 创建一个逻辑与规格(AND)
- @param SpecificationInterface $spec
*/
public function plus(SpecificationInterface $spec);
/** - 创建一个逻辑或规格(OR)
- @param SpecificationInterface $spec
*/
public function either(SpecificationInterface $spec);
/**
- 创建一个逻辑非规格(NOT)
*/
public function not();
}
AbstractSpecification.PHP
PHP;">
PHP
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;
/**
- 规格抽象类
*/
abstract class AbstractSpecification implements SpecificationInterface
{
/** - 检查给定Item是否满足所有规则
- @param Item $item
- @return bool
*/
abstract public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item);
/** - 创建一个新的逻辑与规格(AND)
- @param SpecificationInterface $spec
- @return SpecificationInterface
*/
public function plus(SpecificationInterface $spec)
{
return new Plus($this,$spec);
}
/** - 创建一个新的逻辑或组合规格(OR)
- @param SpecificationInterface $spec
- @return SpecificationInterface
*/
public function either(SpecificationInterface $spec)
{
return new Either($this,$spec);
}
/** - 创建一个新的逻辑非规格(NOT)
- @return SpecificationInterface
*/
public function not()
{
return new Not($this);
}
}
Plus.PHP
PHP;">
逻辑与规格(AND)
*/
class Plus extends AbstractSpecification
{
protected $left;
protected $right;
*/
class Plus extends AbstractSpecification
{
protected $left;
protected $right;
/**
- 在构造函数中传入两种规格
- @param SpecificationInterface $left
- @param SpecificationInterface $right
*/
public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $left,SpecificationInterface $right)
{
$this->left = $left;
$this->right = $right;
}
/** - 返回两种规格的逻辑与评估
- @param Item $item
- @return bool
*/
public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
{
return $this->left->isSatisfiedBy($item) && $this->right->isSatisfiedBy($item);
}
}
Either.PHP
PHP;">
/**
- 逻辑或规格
*/
class Either extends AbstractSpecification
{
protected $left;
protected $right;
/**
- 两种规格的组合
- @param SpecificationInterface $left
- @param SpecificationInterface $right
*/
public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $left,SpecificationInterface $right)
{
$this->left = $left;
$this->right = $right;
}
/** - 返回两种规格的逻辑或评估
- @param Item $item
- @return bool
*/
public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
{
return $this->left->isSatisfiedBy($item) || $this->right->isSatisfiedBy($item);
}
}
Not.PHP
PHP;">
/**
- 逻辑非规格
*/
class Not extends AbstractSpecification
{
protected $spec;
/** - 在构造函数中传入指定规格
- @param SpecificationInterface $spec
*/
public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $spec)
{
$this->spec = $spec;
}
/** - 返回规格的相反结果
- @param Item $item
- @return bool
*/
public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
{
return !$this->spec->isSatisfiedBy($item);
}
}
PriceSpecification.PHP
PHP;">
/**
- 判断给定Item的价格是否介于最小值和最大值之间的规格
*/
class PriceSpecification extends AbstractSpecification
{
protected $maxPrice;
protected $minPrice;
/** - 设置最大值
- @param int $maxPrice
*/
public function setMaxPrice($maxPrice)
{
$this->maxPrice = $maxPrice;
}
/** - 设置最小值
- @param int $minPrice
*/
public function setMinPrice($minPrice)
{
$this->minPrice = $minPrice;
}
/** - 判断给定Item的定价是否在最小值和最大值之间
- @param Item $item
- @return bool
*/
public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
{
if (!empty($this->maxPrice) && $item->getPrice() > $this->maxPrice) {
return false;
}
if (!empty($this->minPrice) && $item->getPrice() < $this->minPrice) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
4、测试代码
Tests/SpecificationTest.PHP
PHP;">
SpecificationTest 用于测试规格模式
*/
class SpecificationTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
public function testSimpleSpecification()
{
$item = new Item(100);
$spec = new PriceSpecification();
$this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(50);
$this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(101);
$this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(100);
$this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
public function testNotSpecification()
{
$item = new Item(100);
$spec = new PriceSpecification();
$not = $spec->not();
$this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(50);
$this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(101);
$this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(100);
$this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
public function testPlusSpecification()
{
$spec1 = new PriceSpecification();
$spec2 = new PriceSpecification();
$plus = $spec1->plus($spec2);
$item = new Item(100);
$this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMinPrice(50);
$this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMinPrice(101);
$this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(99);
$spec2->setMinPrice(50);
$this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
public function testEitherSpecification()
{
$spec1 = new PriceSpecification();
$spec2 = new PriceSpecification();
$either = $spec1->either($spec2);
$item = new Item(100);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(0);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(0);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(99);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(99);
$this->assertFalse($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
}
*/
class SpecificationTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
public function testSimpleSpecification()
{
$item = new Item(100);
$spec = new PriceSpecification();
$this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(50);
$this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(101);
$this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(100);
$this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
public function testNotSpecification()
{
$item = new Item(100);
$spec = new PriceSpecification();
$not = $spec->not();
$this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(50);
$this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(101);
$this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec->setMinPrice(100);
$this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
public function testPlusSpecification()
{
$spec1 = new PriceSpecification();
$spec2 = new PriceSpecification();
$plus = $spec1->plus($spec2);
$item = new Item(100);
$this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMinPrice(50);
$this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMinPrice(101);
$this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(99);
$spec2->setMinPrice(50);
$this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
public function testEitherSpecification()
{
$spec1 = new PriceSpecification();
$spec2 = new PriceSpecification();
$either = $spec1->either($spec2);
$item = new Item(100);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(0);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(0);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(150);
$this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
$spec1->setMaxPrice(99);
$spec2->setMaxPrice(99);
$this->assertFalse($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
}
}
以上内容是编程之家小编给大家分享的PHP 设计模式系列之 specification规格模式,希望本文分享能够帮助大家。