PHP;"> struct _zend_op { opcode_handler_t handler; // 执行该opcode时调用的处理函数 znode_op op1; // opcode所操作的操作数 znode_op op2; // opcode所操作的操作数 znode_op result; ulong extended_value; uint lineno; zend_uchar opcode; // opcode代码 zend_uchar op1_type; zend_uchar op2_type; zend_uchar result_type; };

//将新建的zend_op的返回值类型设置为临时变量(IS_TMP_VAR)，因为print中的内存仅仅为了临时输出，并不需要保存
opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
//为临时变量申请空间
opline->result.var = get_temporary_variable(CG(active_op_array));
//指定opcode为ZEND_PRINT
opline->opcode = ZEND_PRINT;
//将传递进来的参数赋值给这条opcode的第一个操作数
SET_NODE(opline->op1,arg);
SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
GET_NODE(result,opline->result);
}

PHP;"> #define ZEND_NOP 0 #define ZEND_ADD 1 #define ZEND_SUB 2 #define ZEND_MUL 3 #define ZEND_DIV 4 #define ZEND_MOD 5 #define ZEND_SL 6 #define ZEND_SR 7 #define ZEND_CONCAT 8 #define ZEND_BW_OR 9 #define ZEND_BW_AND 10 #define ZEND_BW_XOR 11 #define ZEND_BW_NOT 12 #define ZEND_BOOL_NOT 13 #define ZEND_BOOL_XOR 14 #define ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL 15 #define ZEND_IS_NOT_IDENTICAL 16 #define ZEND_IS_EQUAL 17 #define ZEND_IS_NOT_EQUAL 18 #define ZEND_IS_SMALLER 19 #define ZEND_IS_SMALLER_OR_EQUAL 20 #define ZEND_CAST 21 #define ZEND_QM_ASSIGN 22 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_ADD 23 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_SUB 24 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_MUL 25 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_DIV 26 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_MOD 27 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_SL 28 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_SR 29 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_CONCAT 30 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_BW_OR 31 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_BW_AND 32 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_BW_XOR 33 #define ZEND_PRE_INC 34 #define ZEND_PRE_DEC 35 #define ZEND_POST_INC 36 #define ZEND_POST_DEC 37 #define ZEND_ASSIGN 38 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_REF 39 #define ZEND_ECHO 40 #define ZEND_PRINT 41 #define ZEND_JMP 42 #define ZEND_JMPZ 43 #define ZEND_JMPNZ 44 #define ZEND_JMPZNZ 45 #define ZEND_JMPZ_EX 46 #define ZEND_JMPNZ_EX 47 #define ZEND_CASE 48 #define ZEND_SWITCH_FREE 49 #define ZEND_BRK 50 #define ZEND_CONT 51 #define ZEND_BOOL 52 #define ZEND_INIT_STRING 53 #define ZEND_ADD_CHAR 54 #define ZEND_ADD_STRING 55 #define ZEND_ADD_VAR 56 #define ZEND_BEGIN_SILENCE 57 #define ZEND_END_SILENCE 58 #define ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME 59 #define ZEND_DO_FCALL 60 #define ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME 61 #define ZEND_RETURN 62 #define ZEND_RECV 63 #define ZEND_RECV_INIT 64 #define ZEND_SEND_VAL 65 #define ZEND_SEND_VAR 66 #define ZEND_SEND_REF 67 #define ZEND_NEW 68 #define ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME 69 #define ZEND_FREE 70 #define ZEND_INIT_ARRAY 71 #define ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT 72 #define ZEND_INCLUDE_OR_EVAL 73 #define ZEND_UNSET_VAR 74 #define ZEND_UNSET_DIM 75 #define ZEND_UNSET_OBJ 76 #define ZEND_FE_RESET 77 #define ZEND_FE_FETCH 78 #define ZEND_EXIT 79 #define ZEND_FETCH_R 80 #define ZEND_FETCH_DIM_R 81 #define ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_R 82 #define ZEND_FETCH_W 83 #define ZEND_FETCH_DIM_W 84 #define ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_W 85 #define ZEND_FETCH_RW 86 #define ZEND_FETCH_DIM_RW 87 #define ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_RW 88 #define ZEND_FETCH_IS 89 #define ZEND_FETCH_DIM_IS 90 #define ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_IS 91 #define ZEND_FETCH_FUNC_ARG 92 #define ZEND_FETCH_DIM_FUNC_ARG 93 #define ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_FUNC_ARG 94 #define ZEND_FETCH_UNSET 95 #define ZEND_FETCH_DIM_UNSET 96 #define ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_UNSET 97 #define ZEND_FETCH_DIM_TMP_VAR 98 #define ZEND_FETCH_CONSTANT 99 #define ZEND_GOTO 100 #define ZEND_EXT_STMT 101 #define ZEND_EXT_FCALL_BEGIN 102 #define ZEND_EXT_FCALL_END 103 #define ZEND_EXT_NOP 104 #define ZEND_TICKS 105 #define ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF 106 #define ZEND_CATCH 107 #define ZEND_THROW 108 #define ZEND_FETCH_CLASS 109 #define ZEND_CLONE 110 #define ZEND_RETURN_BY_REF 111 #define ZEND_INIT_METHOD_CALL 112 #define ZEND_INIT_STATIC_METHOD_CALL 113 #define ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_VAR 114 #define ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_DIM_OBJ 115 #define ZEND_PRE_INC_OBJ 132 #define ZEND_PRE_DEC_OBJ 133 #define ZEND_POST_INC_OBJ 134 #define ZEND_POST_DEC_OBJ 135 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ 136 #define ZEND_INSTANCEOF 138 #define ZEND_DECLARE_CLASS 139 #define ZEND_DECLARE_INHERITED_CLASS 140 #define ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION 141 #define ZEND_RAISE_ABSTRACT_ERROR 142 #define ZEND_DECLARE_CONST 143 #define ZEND_ADD_INTERFACE 144 #define ZEND_DECLARE_INHERITED_CLASS_DELAYED 145 #define ZEND_VERIFY_ABSTRACT_CLASS 146 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM 147 #define ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_PROP_OBJ 148 #define ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION 149 #define ZEND_USER_OPCODE 150 #define ZEND_JMP_SET 152 #define ZEND_DECLARE_LAMBDA_FUNCTION 153 #define ZEND_ADD_TRAIT 154 #define ZEND_BIND_TRAITS 155 #define ZEND_SEPARATE 156 #define ZEND_QM_ASSIGN_VAR 157 #define ZEND_JMP_SET_VAR 158 #define ZEND_DISCARD_EXCEPTION 159 #define ZEND_YIELD 160 #define ZEND_GENERATOR_RETURN 161 #define ZEND_FAST_CALL 162 #define ZEND_FAST_RET 163 #define ZEND_RECV_VARIADIC 164 #define ZEND_SEND_UNPACK 165 #define ZEND_POW 166 #define ZEND_ASSIGN_POW 167

PHP;"> void zend_init_opcodes_handlers(void) { static const opcode_handler_t labels[] = { .. ZEND_ASSIGN_SPEC_CV_CONST_HANDLER,.. } }

PHP;"> typedef struct _znode { /* used only during compilation */ /* 这个int类型的字段定义znode操作数的类型 #define IS_CONST (1<<0) //表示常量，例如$a = 123; $b = "hello";这些代码生成OP后，123和"hello"都是以常量类型操作数存在 #define IS_TMP_VAR (1<<1) //表示临时变量，临时变量一般在前面加~来表示，这是一些OP执行过程中需要用到的中间变量，例如初始化一个数组的时候，就需要一个临时变量来暂时存储数组zval，然后将数组赋值给变量 #define IS_VAR (1<<2) //一般意义上的变量，以$开发表示 #define IS_UNUSED (1<<3) // Unused variable #define IS_CV (1<<4) // Compiled variable，这种类型的操作数比较重要，此类型是在PHP后来的版本中(大概5.1)中才出现，CV的意思是compiled variable，即编译后的变量，变量都是保存在一个符号表中，这个符号表是一个哈希表，如果每次读写变量的时候都需要到哈希表中去检索，会对效率有一定的影响，因此在执行上下文环境中，会将一些编译期间生成的变量缓存起来。此类型操作数一般以!开头表示，比如变量$a=123;$b="hello"这段代码，$a和$b对应的操作数可能就是!0和!1,0和1相当于一个索引号，通过索引号从缓存中取得相应的值 */ int op_type; /* 此字段为一个联合体，根据op_type的不同，u取不同的值 1. op_type=IS_CONST的时候，u中的constant保存的就是操作数对应的zval结构 2. 例如$a=123时，123这个操作数中，u中的constant是一个IS_LONG类型的zval,其值lval为123 */ union { znode_op op; zval constant; /* replaced by literal/zv */ zend_op_array *op_array; zend_ast *ast; } u; zend_uint EA; /* extended attributes */ } znode;

PHP;"> zend_op *opline = get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);

PHP;"> struct _zend_op_array { /* Common elements */ zend_uchar type; const char *function_name; // 如果是用户定义的函数则，这里将保存函数的名字 zend_class_entry *scope; zend_uint fn_flags; union _zend_function *prototype; zend_uint num_args; zend_uint required_num_args; zend_arg_info *arg_info; /* END of common elements */ zend_uint *refcount; zend_op *opcodes; // opcode数组 zend_uint last; zend_compiled_variable *vars; int last_var; zend_uint T; zend_uint nested_calls; zend_uint used_stack; zend_brk_cont_element *brk_cont_array; int last_brk_cont; zend_try_catch_element *try_catch_array; int last_try_catch; zend_bool has_finally_block; /* static variables support */ HashTable *static_variables; zend_uint this_var; const char *filename; zend_uint line_start; zend_uint line_end; const char *doc_comment; zend_uint doc_comment_len; zend_uint early_binding; /* the linked list of delayed declarations */ zend_literal *literals; int last_literal; void **run_time_cache; int last_cache_slot; void *reserved[ZEND_MAX_RESERVED_RESOURCES]; };

PHP;"> ZEND_API void execute(zend_op_array *op_array TSRMLS_DC) { // ... 循环执行op_array中的opcode或者执行其他op_array中的opcode }

PHP;"> http://www.nowamagic.net/librarys/veda/detail/1325 http://PHP.net/manual/zh/internals2.opcodes.list.PHP http://www.nowamagic.net/librarys/veda/detail/1543 http://www.nowamagic.net/librarys/veda/detail/1324 http://www.nowamagic.net/librarys/veda/detail/1543 http://www.laruence.com/2008/06/18/221.html http://www.PHP-internals.com/book/?p=chapt02/02-03-02-opcode

PHP;"> http://www.PHP-internals.com/book/?p=chapt02/02-03-03-from-opcode-to-handler