本文实例讲述了PHP信号量基本用法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
一些理论基础:
信号量
:又称为信号灯、旗语 用来解决进程(线程同步的问题),类似于一把锁,访问前获取锁(获取不到则等待),访问后释放锁。临界资源
:每次仅允许一个进程访问的资源。临界区
:每个进程中访问临界资源的那段代码叫临界区进程互斥
:两个或以上的进程不能同时进入关于同一组共享变量的临界区域,即一个进程正在访问临界资源,另一个进程要想访问必须等待。进程同步
主要研究如何确定数个进程之间的执行顺序和避免数据竞争的问题 即,如何让多个进程能一块很好的协作运行举例子:(来自百度百科)
以一个停车场的运作为例。简单起见,假设停车场只有三个车位,一开始三个车位都是空的。这时如果同时来了五辆车,看门人允许其中三辆直接进入,然后放下车拦,剩下的车则必须在入口等待,此后来的车也都不得不在入口处等待。这时,有一辆车离开停车场,看门人得知后,打开车拦,放入外面的一辆进去,如果又离开两辆,则又可以放入两辆,如此往复。
在这个停车场系统中,车位是公共资源,每辆车好比一个线程,看门人起的就是信号量的作用。
PHP;">
$key=ftok(__FILE__,'t');
/**
* 获取一个信号量资源
int $key [,int $max_acquire = 1 [,int $perm = 0666 [,int $auto_release = 1 ]]]
$max_acquire:最多可以多少个进程同时获取信号
$perm:权限 默认 0666
$auto_release:是否自动释放信号量
*/
$sem_id=sem_get($key);
#获取信号
sem_acquire($seg_id);
//do something 这里是一个原子性操作
//释放信号量
sem_release($seg_id);
//把次信号从系统中移除
sem_remove($sem_id);
//可能出现的问题
$fp = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__),100);
sem_acquire($fp);
$fp2 = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__),1));
sem_acquire($fp2);
Implementation of a read-write semaphore in PHP:
mutex = sem_get($mutex_key,1);
$this->resource = sem_get($resource_key,1);
}
/**
* Destructor
*
* Remove the read/write semaphore
*/
public function __destruct() {
sem_remove($this->mutex);
sem_remove($this->resource);
}
/**
* Request acess to the resource
*
* @param int $mode
* @return void
*/
private function request_access($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {
if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);
/* update the writers counter */
$this->writers++;
sem_release($this->mutex);
sem_acquire($this->resource);
} else {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);
if ($this->writers > 0 || $this->readers == 0) {
sem_release($this->mutex);
sem_acquire($this->resource);
sem_acquire($this->mutex);
}
/* update the readers counter */
$this->readers++;
sem_release($this->mutex);
}
}
private function request_release($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {
if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);
/* update the writers counter */
$this->writers--;
sem_release($this->mutex);
sem_release($this->resource);
} else {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);
/* update the readers counter */
$this->readers--;
if ($this->readers == 0)
sem_release($this->resource);
sem_release($this->mutex);
}
}
/**
* Request read access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function read_access() { $this->request_access(self::READ_ACCESS); }
/**
* Release read access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function read_release() { $this->request_release(self::READ_ACCESS); }
/**
* Request write access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function write_access() { $this->request_access(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }
/**
* Release write access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function write_release() { $this->request_release(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }
}
共享内存+信号 实现原子性操作
PHP;">
$SHM_KEY = ftok("/home/joeldg/homeymail/shmtest.PHP",'R');
$shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY,1024,0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$data = shm_attach($shmid,1024);
// we now have our shm segment
// lets place a variable in there
shm_put_var ($data,$inmem,"test");
// now lets get it back. we could be in a forked process and still have
// access to this variable.
printf("shared contents: %s\n",shm_get_var($data,$inmem));
shm_detach($data);
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希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。