@H_403_0@环境部署一直是一个很大的问题，无论是开发环境还是生产环境，但是 Docker 将开发环境和生产环境以轻量级方式打包，提供了一致的环境。极大的提升了开发部署一致性。当然，实际情况并没有这么简单，因为生产环境和开发环境的配置是完全不同的，比如日志等的问题都需要单独配置，但是至少比以前更加简单方便了，这里以 PHP 开发作为例子讲解 Docker 如何布置开发环境。
@H_403_0@一般来说，一个 PHP 项目会需要以下工具： @H_403_0@这是最简单的架构方式，在 Docker 发展早期，Docker 被大量的滥用，比如，一个镜像内启动多服务，日志收集依旧是按照 Syslog 或者别的老方式，镜像容量非常庞大，基础镜像就能达到 80M，这和 Docker 当初提出的思想完全南辕北辙了，而 Alpine Linux 发行版作为一个轻量级 Linux 环境，就非常适合作为 Docker 基础镜像，Docker 官方也推荐使用 Alpine 而不是 Debian 作为基础镜像，未来大量的现有官方镜像也将会迁移到 Alpine 上。本文所有镜像都将以 Alpine 作为基础镜像。 @H_403_0@
Nginx/Tengine
@H_403_0@这部分笔者已经在另一篇文章 Docker 容器的 Nginx 实践中讲解了 Tengine 的 Docker 实践，并且给出了 Dockerfile，由于比较偏好 Tengine，而且官方已经给出了 Nginx 的 alpine 镜像，所以这里就用 Tengine。笔者已经将镜像上传到官方 DockerHub，可以通过 @H_403_0@docker pull chasontang/tengine:2.1.2_f
@H_403_0@获取镜像，具体请看 Dockerfile。
@H_403_0@PHP-FPM
@H_403_0@Docker 官方已经提供了 PHP 的 7.0.7-fpm-alpine 镜像，Dockerfile 如下：persistent / runtime deps
ENV PHPIZE_DEPS \
autoconf \
file \
g++ \
gcc \
libc-dev \
make \
pkgconf \
re2c
RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .persistent-deps \
ca-certificates \
curl
ensure www-data user exists
RUN set -x \
&& addgroup -g 82 -S www-data \
&& adduser -u 82 -D -S -G www-data www-data
82 is the standard uid/gid for "www-data" in Alpine
http://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/apache2/apache2.pre-install?h=v3.3.2
http://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/lighttpd/lighttpd.pre-install?h=v3.3.2
http://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/Nginx-initscripts/Nginx-initscripts.pre-install?h=v3.3.2
ENV PHP_INI_DIR /usr/local/etc/PHP
RUN mkdir -p $PHP_INI_DIR/conf.d
ENV PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www-data --with-fpm-group=www-data
ENV GPG_KEYS 1A4E8B7277C42E53DBA9C7B9BCAA30EA9C0D5763
ENV PHP_VERSION 7.0.7
ENV PHP_FILENAME PHP-7.0.7.tar.xz
ENV PHP_SHA256 9cc64a7459242c79c10e79d74feaf5bae3541f604966ceb600c3d2e8f5fe4794
RUN set -xe \
&& apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps \
$PHPIZE_DEPS \
curl-dev \
gnupg \
libedit-dev \
libxml2-dev \
openssl-dev \
sqlite-dev \
&& curl -fSL "http://PHP.net/get/$PHP_FILENAME/from/this/mirror" -o "$PHP_FILENAME" \
&& echo "$PHP_SHA256 *$PHP_FILENAME" | sha256sum -c - \
&& curl -fSL "http://PHP.net/get/$PHP_FILENAME.asc/from/this/mirror" -o "$PHP_FILENAME.asc" \
&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \
&& for key in $GPG_KEYS; do \
gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
done \
&& gpg --batch --verify "$PHP_FILENAME.asc" "$PHP_FILENAME" \
&& rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" "$PHP_FILENAME.asc" \
&& mkdir -p /usr/src \
&& tar -Jxf "$PHP_FILENAME" -C /usr/src \
&& mv "/usr/src/PHP-$PHP_VERSION" /usr/src/PHP \
&& rm "$PHP_FILENAME" \
&& cd /usr/src/PHP \
&& ./configure \
--with-config-file-path="$PHP_INI_DIR" \
--with-config-file-scan-dir="$PHP_INI_DIR/conf.d" \
$PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS \
--disable-cgi \
--enable-MysqLnd is included here because it's harder to compile after the fact than extensions are (since it's a plugin for several extensions,not an extension in itself)
--enable-<a href="/tag/MysqL/" target="_blank" class="keywords">MysqL</a>nd \--enable-mbstring is included here because otherwise there's no way to get pecl to use it properly (see https://github.com/docker-library/PHP/issues/195)
--enable-mbstring \
--with-curl \
--with-libedit \
--with-openssl \
--with-zlib \&& make -j"$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)" \
&& make install \
&& { find /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin -type f -perm +0111 -exec strip --strip-all '{}' + || true; } \
&& make clean \
&& runDeps="$( \
scanelf --needed --nobanner --recursive /usr/local \
| awk '{ gsub(/,/,"\nso:",$2); print "so:" $2 }' \
| sort -u \
| xargs -r apk info --installed \
| sort -u \
)" \
&& apk add --no-cache --virtual .PHP-rundeps $runDeps \
&& apk del .build-deps
COPY docker-PHP-ext-* /usr/local/bin/
WORKDIR /var/www/html
RUN set -ex \
&& cd /usr/local/etc \
&& if [ -d PHP-fpm.d ]; then \
for some reason,upstream's PHP-fpm.conf.default has "include=NONE/etc/PHP-fpm.d/*.conf"
sed 's!=NONE/!=!g' <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.conf.default | tee <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.conf > /dev/null; \
cp <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.d/www.conf.default <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.d/www.conf; \else \
PHP 5.x don't use "include=" by default,so we'll create our own simple config that mimics PHP 7+ for consistency
mkdir <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.d; \
cp <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.conf.default <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.d/www.conf; \
{ \
echo '[global]'; \
echo 'include=etc/<a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.d/*.conf'; \
} | tee <a href="/tag/PHP/" target="_blank" class="keywords">PHP</a>-fpm.conf; \fi \
&& { \
echo '[global]'; \
echo 'error_log = /proc/self/fd/2'; \
echo; \
echo '[www]'; \
echo '; if we send this to /proc/self/fd/1,it never appears'; \
echo 'access.log = /proc/self/fd/2'; \
echo; \
echo 'clear_env = no'; \
echo; \
echo '; Ensure worker stdout and stderr are sent to the main error log.'; \
echo 'catch_workers_output = yes'; \
} | tee PHP-fpm.d/docker.conf \
&& { \
echo '[global]'; \
echo 'daemonize = no'; \
echo; \
echo '[www]'; \
echo 'listen = [::]:9000'; \
} | tee PHP-fpm.d/zz-docker.conf
EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["PHP-fpm"]
docker-compose
@H_403_0@已经搞定了基础镜像，我们就可以使用基础镜像来配置容器，但是通过手工 docker 命令启动容器会非常麻烦。但是万幸的是官方已经提供了 docker-compose 命令来编排容器，只需要写一个 docker-compose.yaml 文件就行，具体可以参考官方文档。tengine:
depends_on:
access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
location ~ .PHP$ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}
location ~ [^/].PHP(/|$) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?.PHP)(/.*)$;
fastcgi_pass PHP-fpm:9000;
fastcgi_index index.PHP;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
include fastcgi_params;
}
deny access to .htaccess files,if Apache's document root
concurs with Nginx's one
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
}
