在没有图形界面的情况时，安装Oracle数据库软件和创建数据库就只能使用命令行的方式进行。

本文假设安装的前提条件都已经配置好。

一、静默安装数据库软件

1、准备参数文件

这个参数文件是用于安装软件使用的，里边配置了需要安装的版本、语言、ORACLE_HOME等信息。

这个文件的模版在database/response目录下的db_install.rsp，文件中的各个参数作用参考http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/em.112/e12255/oui3_response_files.htm#OUICG183

#修改记录如下：
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#只安装软件
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#安装的操作系统用户组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory/#Inventory目录路径
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en#安装语言
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db#OracleHome路径
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/#OracleBase路径
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#数据库版本EE企业版
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#DBA组所属的操作系统用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#OPER组所属的操作系统用户组
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#必须设置为true，否则需要修改其他信息
#创建Inventory目录
[oracle@rhel611.2.0.4_database]$cd/u01/app/
[oracle@rhel6app]$ls
oracle
[oracle@rhel6app]$mkdiroraInventory

2、静默安装

[oracle@rhel611.2.0.4_database]$./runInstaller-silent-force-responseFile/opt/soft/11g/11.2.0.4_database/response/install.rsp
StartingOracleUniversalInstaller...

CheckingTempspace:mustbegreaterthan120MB.Actual34496MBPassed
Checkingswapspace:mustbegreaterthan150MB.Actual2047MBPassed
PreparingtolaunchOracleUniversalInstallerfrom/tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.Pleasewait...[oracle@rhel611.2.0.4_database]$[WARNING][INS-13014]Targetenvironmentdonotmeetsomeoptionalrequ
irements.CAUSE:Someoftheoptionalprerequisitesarenotmet.Seelogsfordetails./tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log
ACTION:IdentifythelistofFailedprerequisitechecksfromthelog:/tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log.Theneitherfromthelogfileorfrominstallationmanualf
indtheappropriateconfigurationtomeettheprerequisitesandfixitmanually.Youcanfindthelogofthisinstallsessionat:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log
#日志文件：/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log
[oracle@rhel611.2.0.4_database]$TheinstallationofOracleDatabase11gwassuccessful.
Pleasecheck'/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log'formoredetails.

Asarootuser,executethefollowingscript(s):
	1./u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
	2./u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh


SuccessfullySetupSoftware.

3、使用root执行脚本

[root@rhel6response]#/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changingpermissionsof/u01/app/oraInventory.
Addingread,writepermissionsforgroup.
Removingread,write,executepermissionsforworld.

Changinggroupnameof/u01/app/oraInventorytooinstall.
Theexecutionofthescriptiscomplete.
[root@rhel6response]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh
Check/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.logfortheoutputofrootscript
[root@rhel6response]#cat/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.log
PerformingrootuseroperationforOracle11g

Thefollowingenvironmentvariablesaresetas:
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db
Copyingdbhometo/usr/local/bin...
Copyingoraenvto/usr/local/bin...
Copyingcoraenvto/usr/local/bin...


Creating/etc/oratabfile...
Entrieswillbeaddedtothe/etc/oratabfileasneededby
DatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhenadatabaseiscreated
Finishedrunninggenericpartofrootscript.
Nowproduct-specificrootactionswillbeperformed.
Finishedproduct-specificrootactions.
Finishedproduct-specificrootactions.
#测试sqlplus
[oracle@rhel611.2.0.4_database]$sqlplus/assysdba

sql*Plus:Release11.2.0.4.0ProductiononWedDec2117:16:192016

Copyright(c)1982,2013,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

Connectedtoanidleinstance.

sql>

4、手工建库

官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/create.htm#CIAEJDBE

4.1 配置环境变量

exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db
exportORACLE_SID=mydb
exportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
#创建数据文件存储目录
[oracle@rhel6oracle]$cd$ORACLE_BASE
[oracle@rhel6oracle]$mkdir-poradata/mydb

4.2 手工创建pfile

#此处只写必要的几个参数，生产上要按照实际情况写参数
[oracle@rhel6~]$catmydb.ora
db_name=mydb
control_files=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control02.ctl

4.3 启动实例到NOMOUNT状态

[oracle@rhel6~]$sqlplus/assysdba

sql*Plus:Release11.2.0.4.0ProductiononWedDec2117:26:312016

Copyright(c)1982,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

Connectedtoanidleinstance.

sql>startupnomountpfile=/home/oracle/mydb.ora;
ORACLEinstancestarted.

TotalSystemGlobalArea217157632bytes
FixedSize		2251816bytes
VariableSize		159384536bytes
DatabaseBuffers	50331648bytes
RedoBuffers		5189632bytes

4.4 创建spfile并重启到NOMOUNT状态

sql>createspfilefrompfile='/home/oracle/mydb.ora';

Filecreated.

sql>shutdownimmediate;
ORA-01507:databasenotmounted


ORACLEinstanceshutdown.
sql>startupnomount;
ORACLEinstancestarted.

TotalSystemGlobalArea217157632bytes
FixedSize		2251816bytes
VariableSize		159384536bytes
DatabaseBuffers	50331648bytes
RedoBuffers		5189632bytes

4.4 执行CREATE DATABASE语句创建数据库

sql>CREATEDATABASEmydb
2USERSYSIDENTIFIEDBYoracle
3USERSYSTEMIDENTIFIEDBYoracle
4LOGFILEGROUP1('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo01.log')SIZE100MBLOCKSIZE512,5GROUP2('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo02.log')SIZE100MBLOCKSIZE512,6GROUP3('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo03.log')SIZE100MBLOCKSIZE512
7MAXLOGFILES5
8MAXLOGMEMBERS5
9MAXLOGHISTORY1
10MAXDATAFILES100
11CHARACTERSETZHS16GBK
12NATIONALCHARACTERSETAL16UTF16
13EXTENTMANAGEMENTLOCAL
14DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf'SIZE325MREUSE
15SYSAUXDATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf'SIZE325MREUSE
16DEFAULTTABLESPACEusers
17DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf'
18SIZE500MREUSEAUTOEXTENDONMAXSIZEUNLIMITED
19DEFAULTTEMPORARYTABLESPACEtempts1
20TEMPFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf'
21SIZE20MREUSE
22UNDOTABLESPACEundotbs
23DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/undotbs01.dbf'
24SIZE200MREUSEAUTOEXTENDONMAXSIZEUNLIMITED;

Databasecreated.

4.5 执行创建数据字典脚本

conn/assysdba
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
connsystem/oracle
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

5、创建监听并启动

[oracle@rhel6mydb]$cd$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@rhel6admin]$ls
samplesshrept.lst
[oracle@rhel6admin]$vilistener.ora
[oracle@rhel6admin]$catlistener.ora
LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
[oracle@rhel6admin]$lsnrctlstart

LSNRCTLforLinux:Version11.2.0.4.0-Productionon21-DEC-201617:41:13

Copyright(c)1991,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

Starting/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/bin/tnslsnr:pleasewait...

TNSLSNRforLinux:Version11.2.0.4.0-Production
Systemparameterfileis/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Logmessageswrittento/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml
Listeningon:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))
Listeningon:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))

Connectingto(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))
STATUSoftheLISTENER
------------------------
AliasLISTENER
VersionTNSLSNRforLinux:Version11.2.0.4.0-Production
StartDate21-DEC-201617:41:15
Uptime0days0hr.0min.2sec
TraceLeveloff
SecurityON:LocalOSAuthentication
SNMPOFF
ListenerParameterFile/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
ListenerLogFile/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml
ListeningEndpointsSummary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))
Thelistenersupportsnoservices
Thecommandcompletedsuccessfully

6、测试

C:\Users\victor>sqlplussystem/oracle@192.168.56.3/mydb

sql*Plus:Release12.1.0.1.0Productionon星期三12月2117:51:052016

Copyright(c)1982,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.


连接到:
OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.4.0-64bitProduction
WiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions

sql>selectopen_modefromv$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READWRITE