在一台Linux服务器上安装多个MySQL实例(一)--使用mysqld_multi方式

前端之家收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了在一台Linux服务器上安装多个MySQL实例(一)--使用mysqld_multi方式前端之家小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。

image

 

(一)MysqL多实例概述

实例是进程与内存的一个概述,所谓MysqL多实例,就是在服务器上启动多个相同的MysqL进程,运行在不同的端口(如3306,3307,3308),通过不同的端口对外提供服务。

由于MysqL在一个实例下面可以创建多个数据库,所以通常在一台服务器上只要安装一个MysqL实例即可满足使用。但在实际使用中,因为服务器硬件资源充足,或者业务需要(比如在一台服务器上创建开发数据库和测试数据库),往往会在一台服务器上创建多个实例。

 

(二)MysqL部署多实例的方法

MysqL多实例部署主要有以下两种方式:

  • 使用官方自带MysqLd_multi来配置管理,特点是使用同一份MysqL配置文件,这种方式属于集中式管理,管理起来较为方便;
  • 使用单独的MysqL配置文件来单独配置实例,这种方式逻辑简单,数据库之间没有关联。

本文将对第一种方式进行环境搭建学习。

 

(三)实验环境

操作系统   :CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

数据库版本:5.7.24-log

预计划安装4个MysqL实例,规划信息为:

实例1 实例2 实例3 实例4

basedir=/usr/local/MysqL

datadir=/MysqL/3306/data

port=3306

socket=/tmp/MysqL_3306.sock

basedir=/usr/local/MysqL

datadir=/MysqL/3307/data

port=3307

socket=/tmp/MysqL_3307.sock

basedir=/usr/local/MysqL

datadir=/MysqL/3308/data

port=3308

socket=/tmp/MysqL_3308.sock

basedir=/usr/local/MysqL

datadir=/MysqL/3309/data

port=3309

socket=/tmp/MysqL_3309.sock

 

(四)实验过程

(4.1)在安装MysqL之前,需要卸载服务器自带MysqL包和MysqL数据库分支mariadb的包

[root@masterdb ~]# rpm -qa|grep MysqL
[root@masterdb ~]# rpm -qa | mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

[root@masterdb ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-2.el7.x86_64 --nodeps

 

(4.2)依赖包安装

MysqL对libaio 库有依赖性。如果未在本地安装该库,则数据目录初始化和随后的服务器启动步骤将失败 、

# install library

[root@MysqL MysqL]# yum install libaio

对于MysqL 5.7.19和更高版本:通用Linux版本中增加了对非统一内存访问(NUMA)的支持,该版本现在对libnuma库具有依赖性 。

[root@MysqL MysqL]# install libnuma

 

(4.3)创建用户用户

[root@masterdb ~]# groupadd MysqL
[root@masterdb ~]# useradd -r -g MysqL -s /bin/false MysqL

 

(4.4)解压安装包

[root@masterdb ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@masterdb local]# tar xzvf /root/MysqL-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

# 修改解压文件名,与前面定义的basedir相同
[root@masterdb local]# mv MysqL-12-x86_64/ MysqL

最终解压结果如下:

[root@masterdb MysqL]# ls -l
 total 36
 drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Mar 28 13:48 bin
 -rw-r--r--  1 7161 31415 17987 Oct  4  2018 COPYING
 drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     55 Mar  docs
 drwxr-xr-x  3 root root    include
 drwxr-xr-x  5 root root    230 Mar  lib
 drwxr-xr-x  4 root root     30 Mar 48 man
 -rw-r--r--  31415  2478 Oct   README
 drwxr-xr-x 28 root root    share
 drwxr-xr-x  90 Mar 48 support-files

 

(4.5)创建数据文件存放路径

mkdir -p /MysqL/{3306,3307,1)">3308,1)">3309}/data [root@masterdb MysqL]# chown -R MysqL:MysqL /MysqL [root@masterdb MysqL]# cd /MysqL [root@masterdb MysqL]# tree . ├── 3306 │   └── data ├── 33073308 │   └── data └── 3309 └── data

 

(4.6)创建MysqL参数配置文件

[root@masterdb MysqL]# vim /etc/my.cnf 

[MysqLd]
user=MysqL
basedir = /usr/local/MysqL

[MysqLd_multi]
MysqLd=/usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd_safe
MysqLadmin=/usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLadmin
log=/usr/local/MysqL/MysqLd_multi.log

[MysqLd3306]
MysqLd=MysqLd
MysqLadmin=MysqLadmin
datadir=/MysqL/3306/data
port=
server_id=
socket=/tmp/MysqL_3306.sock
log-error = /MysqL/error_3306.log

[MysqLd3307]
MysqLd=3307/MysqL_3307.sock
log-error=/MysqL/error_3307.log

[MysqLd3308]
MysqLd=3308/MysqL_3308.sock
log-error=/MysqL/error_3308.log

[MysqLd3309]
MysqLd=3309/MysqL_3309.sock
log-error = /MysqL/3309/error_3309.log

 

(4.7)初始化数据库

注意,初始化实例的最后一行记录了root的初始密码

# 初始化3306实例
[root@masterdb MysqL]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL/ --datadir=/MysqL/data
2020-03-28T06:10:28.484174Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
28.689102Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created,LSN=45790
28.723881Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
28.781205Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found,so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d29ad574-70ba-11ea-a38f-000c29fb6200.
28.782195Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'MysqL.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
28.783078Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YuJ6Bi=PtqCJ


# 初始化3307实例 
[root@masterdb MysqL]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --defaults-45.598676Z 45.793277Z 45.829673Z 45.886255Z time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: dcccdb2f-70ba-11ea-a565-45.887571Z 45.890477Z for root@localhost: &s)nYg.e4qx#
[root@masterdb MysqL]# 


# 初始化3308实例
[root@masterdb MysqL]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --defaults-55.237714Z 55.442794Z 55.479012Z 55.534839Z time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e28d1d57-70ba-11ea-a5c4-55.535622Z 55.536387Z for root@localhost: Mz<kr!vsh1yj
[root@masterdb MysqL]# 


# 初始化3309实例
[root@masterdb MysqL]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --defaults-11:05.644331Z 05.840498Z 05.879941Z 05.936262Z time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e8c03ed2-70ba-11ea-a8fb-05.937179Z 05.937877Z for root@localhost: K.KLa30i-sv3

 

(4.8)设置环境变量

添加了环境变量,操作系统才能够自己找到MysqLMysqLd_multi等命令的位置

profile # 在文件末尾添加下面信息 export PATH=/usr/local/MysqL/bin:$PATH #使环境变量生效 [root@masterdb MysqL]# source /etc/profile

 

(4.9)使用MysqLd_multi管理多实例

# 使用MysqLd_multi启动3306端口的实例 [root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqLd_multi start # 使用MysqLd_multi启动全部实例 [root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqLd_multi start # 使用MysqLd_multi查看实例状态 [root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqLd_multi report Reporting MysqL servers MysqL server from group: MysqLd3306 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3307 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3308 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3309 is running

使用MysqLd_multi关闭实例较为麻烦,需要配置密码,因此如何关闭各个实例,见后面章节:(六)关闭多实例数据库

 

(五)访问多实例数据库

(5.1)登录MysqL数据库

在安装完成并启动数据库后,需要去访问各个MysqL实例,这里非常有意思,经常会发现无法连接到数据库上,我们不妨看一下几种连接方式:

连接方式一:使用服务器IP地址,无法连接。这里还是比较好理解的,MysqL创建完成后,数据库账号root@localhost只允许本地连接,参数“-h”后面用服务器IP被认为了远程连接,因此无法登陆

[root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqL -uoot -p -h192.168.10.11 -P3306
Enter password: 
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host masterdb' is not allowed to connect to this MysqL server

 

连接方式二:使用localhost访问数据库,无法连接。我觉得有些匪夷所思,可以看到,MysqL实例使用的socket文件不对

[root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqL -uroot -p -hlocalhost -2002 (HY000): Cant connect to local MysqL server through socket '/tmp/MysqL.sock (2)

 

连接方式三:使用127.0.0.1访问数据库,可以连接。有些难以理解,理论上127.0.0.1和localhost是对应的,127.0.0.1可以访问数据库,但是localhost却无法访问

[root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqL -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1 -P3306
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MysqL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MysqL connection id is 7
Server version: 24 MysqL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000,1)">2018,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type help;' or \h' for help. Type \c' to clear the current input statement.

MysqL> exit
Bye

连接方式四:使用socket文件连接,可以正常访问

[root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqL -S /tmp/MysqL_3306.sock -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MysqL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MysqL connection 4

Copyright (c)  the current input statement.

MysqL>

 

(5.2)修改数据库root@localhost密码

初次登陆MysqL数据库,需要修改root密码,否则无法正常使用

[root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqL -S /tmp/MysqL_3306.sock -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MysqL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MysqL connection id is 45.7.24

Type 'help;' or \hfor help. Type \cto clear the current input statement.

-- 无法查询
MysqL> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

 修改root@localhost用户的密码
MysqL> alter user  root@localhost identified by 123456;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MysqL> flush privilegesexit
Bye

 

(六)关闭多实例数据库

(6.1)直接使用MysqLd_multi来关闭实例

使用MysqLd_multi关闭多实例数据库目前来看比较麻烦,需要在my.cnf文件的[MysqLd_multi]模块里面配置用户密码,并且各个数据库用户密码都需要相同,否则无法关闭

image

我们可以看一下使用MysqLd_multi来关闭数据库实例的日志:

cat /usr/local/MysqL/MysqLd_multi.log # 当执行:MysqLd_multi report时,显示所有数据库均在运行 Reporting MysqL servers MysqL server from group: MysqLd3306 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3307 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3308 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3309 is running MysqLd_multi log file version 2.16; run: Sat Mar 14:55:16 2020 # 当执行:MysqLd_multi stopt时,MysqLd_multi会调用MysqLadmin去关闭数据库,使用的是[MysqLd_multi]里面配置的账号密码,此时3306的密码是正确的,
# 其它都是错误的,因此3306关闭成功,而其它端口的实例因为密码错误而连接数据库失败,自然没有关闭数据库
Stopping MysqL servers

MysqLadmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
MysqLadmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
MysqLadmin: connect to server at localhost Failed
error: Access denied for user 'root@'localhost (using password: YES)
MysqLadmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
MysqLadmin: connect to server at 
MysqLd_multi log 21 2020# 结果:仅仅关闭密码正确的3306端口数据库
Reporting MysqL servers
MysqL server from group: MysqLd3306 is not running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd3307 is running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd3308 is running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd3309 is running
MysqLd_multi log 58:07 2020

既然知道了MysqLd_multi是调用MysqLadmin来关闭数据库的,那最好的办法还是直接使用MysqLadmin来关闭各个数据库了,下面演示使用MysqLadmin来关闭数据库实例。

 

(6.2)使用MysqLadmin来关闭实例

[root@masterdb MysqL]# MysqLd_multi report Reporting MysqL servers MysqL server from group: MysqLd3306 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3307 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3308 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3309 is running [root@masterdb MysqL]# [root@masterdb MysqL]# [root@masterdb MysqL]# cd [root@masterdb ~]# MysqLadmin -h127.1 -uroot -p -P3306 shutdown Enter password: [root@masterdb ~]# [root@masterdb ~]# MysqLadmin -h127.P3307 shutdown Enter password: [root@masterdb ~]# MysqLd_multi report Reporting MysqL servers MysqL server from group: MysqLd3306 is not running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3307 is not running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3308 is running MysqL server from group: MysqLd3309 is running

最终关闭了3306和3307数据库

 

【结束】

 

相关文档集合:

1.在一台Linux服务器上安装多个MysqL实例(一)--使用MysqLd_multi方式

2.在一台Linux服务器上安装多个MySQL实例(二)--使用单独的MySQL配置文件

猜你在找的MySQL相关文章