Golang使用共享库(shared library)以及Golang生成C可调用的动态库.so和静态库.a

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Golang类似于C的静态语言,效率也接近于C,如果Golang也可以导出可供C调用的库,那可以和很多高级语言say goodbye了,goodbye似乎又有点武断,但至少说,Golang可以做很多事,而且效率优于很多高级语言,这样说应该没有问题。
接下来,就从三个方面分别来介绍Golang中关于库的使用。

Using Share Library

The latest Go 1.5 version is out. As part of the new features,Go compiler can compile packages as a shared libraries.

It accepts -buildmode argument that determines how a package is compiled. These are the following options:

* archive: Build the listed non-main packages into .a files. Packages named main are ignored.
* c-archive: Build the listed main package,plus all packages it imports,into a C archive file.
* c-shared: Build the listed main packages,plus all packages that they import,into C shared libraries.
* shared: Combine all the listed non-main packages into a single shared library.
* exe: Build the listed main packages and everything they import into executables. Packages not named main are ignored.
By default,listed main packages are built into executables and listed non-main packages are built into .a files.

平时编译、运行golang,可能用得比较多的是下面这些:

go run xxx.go //直接运行xxx.go,有点类似解释语言,比如lua,python,其实执行go run,是对源文件做了build,然后再run执行文件的,只是这些都在后台做了

go build xxx.go //编译产生同名的执行档,如果在源文件目录下直接go build会产生与目录名同名的可执行档
go install xxx.go //也是编译,只是编译后会将同名的执行档安装到$GOPATH/bin下面,同样在源文件目录下直接go install,会把与目录同名的可执行档安装在$GOPATH/bin下

以上的go build都是默认的编译,也就是-buildmode是default的

By default,listed main packages are built into executables and listed non-main packages are built into .a files.

现在进入正题,这里我主要是要说明下面这个选项的使用方法

* shared: Combine all the listed non-main packages into a single shared library.

我们先看一个hello world的例子:

package main

import "fmt"

int main(){
    fmt.Println("hello world")
}

这里的fmt就是一个share library,这是go里面自带的,现在如果想自定义一个共享库,应该怎么做?
假设在$GOPATH/src下有:

--myAdd         --add.go --myCall         --main.go

详细目录如下:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ echo $GOPATH
/home/jack/mygo
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo$ ls
bin  pkg  src
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ ls myAdd
add.go
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ ls myCall
main.go

现在我们要自定义一个myAdd的package,像fmt一样的使用,先看下myAdd/add.go的内容

 1 package myAdd                                                                                                                   
  2  
  3 func Sum(x,y int) int {
  4     return x + y
  5 }

在编译自定义package前,先看下官方怎么说:

Before compile any shared library,the standard builtin packages should be installed as shared library. This will allow any other shared library to link with them.
意思是在编译任何共享包前,先要把官方自身的标准包先以共享包方式安装下,这样其他的包就可以与它们做link。

下面就按官方要求先来编译一下:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/myAdd$ go install -buildmode=shared -linkshared std

编译后会在GOROOT的pkg目录下安装标准共享库,这里对应linux_386_dynlink这个目录:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/golib$ ll ~/go/pkg
total 28
drwxr-xr-x  7 jack jack 4096 125 09:21 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 jack jack 4096 525  2017 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 jack jack 4096 525  2017 include/
drwxr-xr-x 30 jack jack 4096 525  2017 linux_386/
drwxrwxr-x 29 jack jack 4096 125 09:22 linux_386_dynlink/
drwxr-xr-x  3 jack jack 4096 525  2017 obj/
drwxr-xr-x  3 jack jack 4096 525  2017 tool/
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/golib$ ll ~/go/pkg/linux_386_dynlink/
total 31252
drwxrwxr-x 29 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 ./
drwxr-xr-x  7 jack jack     4096 125 09:21 ../
drwxrwxr-x  2 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 archive/
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack   121966 125 09:21 bufio.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 bufio.shlibname
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack   111466 125 09:21 bytes.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 bytes.shlibname
drwxrwxr-x  2 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 compress/
drwxrwxr-x  2 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 container/
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack    94220 125 09:21 context.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 context.shlibname
drwxrwxr-x  4 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 crypto/
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack    20014 125 09:21 crypto.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 crypto.shlibname
drwxrwxr-x  3 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 database/
drwxrwxr-x  2 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 debug/
drwxrwxr-x  2 jack jack     4096 125 09:22 encoding/
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack     5494 125 09:21 encoding.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 encoding.shlibname
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack     3846 125 09:21 errors.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 errors.shlibname
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack    84486 125 09:21 expvar.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 expvar.shlibname
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack   155402 125 09:21 flag.a
-rw-rw-r--  1 jack jack       10 125 09:22 flag.shlibname

//GOROOT如下:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/samba_share/golang$ echo $GOROOT
/home/jack/go

接下来,就可以编译自定义的共享库,并link到标准std库:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ go install -buildmode=shared -linkshared myAdd
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ ls
github.com  golang.org  myAdd  test
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ ls myAdd/
add.go //这里并没有产生仍何文档,产生在那里接着向下看

实际产生共享是在GOPATH/pkg目录下:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo$ ls
bin  pkg  src
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo$ ls pkg
linux_386  linux_386_dynlink
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo$ ls pkg/linux_386_dynlink/
libmyAdd.so  myAdd.a  myAdd.shlibname //这些库在编译时已经链接到标准std库,所以下面在应用程序中可以直接使用。

下面是应用程序的代码

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ vim myCall/main.go
  1 package main                                                                                                                    
  2  
  3 import (
  4     "fmt"
  5     "myAdd"  //这就是上面自定义package,如果这里不import,只要下面用了包里面的函数,gofmt也会自动把这个包加进来,是不是有点跟使用fmt等其他包一样的用法
  6 )
  7  
  8 func main() {
  9     fmt.Println("my Call application")
 10     fmt.Printf("Sum: %d\n",myAdd.Sum(2,3))
 11 }
 jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src$ ./main 
my Call application
Sum: 5

Golang生成C可调用的动态库so

假设代码结构如下:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ ls
exptest.go
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ vim exptest.go 
  1 package main                                                                                                                    
  2  
  3 import "C"  
  4 import "fmt"
  5  
  6 //export Summ
  7 func Summ(x,y int) int {
  8     return x + y
  9 }
 10  
 11 //export Hello
 12 func Hello(str string) {
 13     fmt.Printf("Hello: %s\n",str)
 14 }
 15  
 16 func main() {
 17 // We need the main function to make possible
 18 // CGO compiler to compile the package as C shared library
 19}

官方说法:

Go functions can be executed from C applications. They should be exported by using the following comment line: //export <your_function_name>

//export your_function_name目的是产生对应的头文件函数声明,以及cgo的与C之间一些转换规则,详细可以参考生成的头文件
另外,import “C”这个也是不能少的,表示导入一个C库

下面就是编译共享库:

//The packaged should be compiled with buildmode flags c-shared or c-archive:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ go build -buildmode=c-shared -o libexptest.so exptest.go 
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ ls
exptest.go  libexptest.h  libexptest.so

下面写一个C程序调用这个so动态库:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ vim exptest.c
  1 #include <stdio.h>
  2 #include "libexptest.h" //上面产生的头文件
  3  
  4 int main() {
  5     printf("This is exptest application.\n");
  6     GoString str = {"Hi JXES",7};
  7     Hello(str); //调用函数
  8     printf("sum: %d\n",Summ(2,3)); //调用函数
  9     return 0;
 10 }

 jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
./
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ ./exptest 
This is exptest application.
Hello: Hi JXES
sum: 5

这里需要说明下,在linux系统中应用程序关联到共享库时,都是从LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量指定的目录下找需要的.so,所以这里一定要指定在当前目录,如果不指定,可以把产生的so文件复制到/usr/lib下也可以。

Golang调用静态库.a

产生静态库只是编译的时候产生.a的静态库,库与测试程序代码如上,编译方法是:

jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ go build -buildmode=c-archive -o libexptest.so exptest.go 
jack@jack-VirtualBox:~/mygo/src/mylib$ ls
exptest.go  libexptest.h  libexptest.a
````
应用程序编译的方法如下:




<div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div>

$ gcc -o _wale _wale.c nautilus.a
“`

$ gcc -o exptest exptest.c libexptest.a
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/go/187595.html

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