号外!!号外!!
在拉勾网上搜索go的职位(北京):
2017年2月14日搜索结果:119个
2017年6月19日搜索结果:163个
2018年1月31日搜索结果:268个
生命不止,继续 go go go !!!
曾记得,某年某月某日,去快手面试。面试官的第一个问题就是:
面试官:“什么是闭包,说一说对闭包的理解”
答:“lambda表达式,其他的不太清楚”
面试官:“lambda表达式是实现闭包的一种方式。”
面试官:“闭包的概念是从JavaScript中开始的”(正确与否,值得商榷)。
今天就聊聊golang中的闭包。
何为匿名函数
匿名函数的英文表示是:Anonymous functions
Functions with name are named functions!
说白了,匿名函数是指不需要定义函数名的一种函数实现方式,它并不是一个新概念,最早可以回溯到1958年的Lisp语言。
c++中的匿名函数:
auto a_lambda_func = [](int x)
js总的匿名函数:
function(argument1,argument2){
}
golang中匿名函数
定义匿名函数
func(x,y int) int {
return x + y
}
匿名函数作为返回值
func getPrintMessage() func(string) {
// returns an anonymous function
return func(message string) {
fmt.Println(message)
}
}
匿名函数付给变量
f := func() int {
...
}
返回多个匿名函数
func calc(x,y int) (func(int),func()) {
f1 := func(z int) int {
return (x + y) * z / 2
}
f2 := func() int {
return 2 * (x + y)
}
return f1,f2
}
完整代码:
package main
import "fmt"
func printMessage(message string) {
fmt.Println(message)
}
func getPrintMessage() func(string) {
// returns an anonymous function
return func(message string) {
fmt.Println(message)
}
}
func main() {
// named function
printMessage("Hello function!")
// anonymous function declared and called
func(message string) {
fmt.Println(message)
}("Hello anonymous function!")
// gets anonymous function and calls it
printfunc := getPrintMessage()
printfunc("Hello anonymous function using caller!")
}
输出:
Hello function!
Hello anonymous function!
Hello anonymous function using caller!
何为闭包
关于闭包的概念,有些抽象。
WIKI:
In programming languages,closures (also lexical closures or function closures) are techniques for implementing lexically scoped name binding in languages with first-class functions.
A closure is a function value that references variables from outside its body.
个人理解:
闭包就是能够读取其他函数内部变量的函数。
只有函数内部的子函数才能读取局部变量,因此可以把闭包简单理解成”定义在一个函数内部的函数”。
golang中使用闭包
package main
import "fmt"
func outer(name string) {
// variable in outer function
text := "Modified " + name
// foo is a inner function and has access to text variable,is a closure
// closures have access to variables even after exiting this block
foo := func() {
fmt.Println(text)
}
// calling the closure
foo()
}
func main() {
outer("hello")
}
返回闭包
package main
import "fmt"
func outer(name string) func() {
// variable
text := "Modified " + name
// closure. function has access to text even after exiting this block
foo := func() {
fmt.Println(text)
}
// return the closure
return foo
}
func main() {
// foo is a closure
foo := outer("hello")
// calling a closure
foo()
}
Closures and state
package main
import "fmt"
func counter(start int) (func() int,func()) {
// if the value gets mutated,the same is reflected in closure
ctr := func() int {
return start
}
incr := func() {
start++
}
// both ctr and incr have same reference to start
// closures are created,but are not called
return ctr,incr
}
func main() {
// ctr,incr and ctr1,incr1 are different
ctr,incr := counter(100)
ctr1,incr1 := counter(100)
fmt.Println("counter - ",ctr())
fmt.Println("counter1 - ",ctr1())
// incr by 1
incr()
fmt.Println("counter - ",ctr())
fmt.Println("counter1- ",ctr1())
// incr1 by 2
incr1()
incr1()
fmt.Println("counter - ",ctr1())
}
陷阱
package main
import "fmt"
func functions() []func() {
// pitfall of using loop variables
arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
result := make([]func(), 0)
for i := range arr {
result = append(result,func() { fmt.Printf("index - %d,value - %d\n",i,arr[i]) })
}
return result
}
func main() {
fns := functions()
for f := range fns {
fns[f]()
}
}
输出:
index - 3,value - 4
index - 3,value - 4
斐波拉切数列
package main
import "fmt"
// fibonacci is a function that returns
// a function that returns an int.
func fibonacci() func() int {
x,y := 0, 1
return func() int {
x,y = y,x+y
return x
}
}
func main() {
f := fibonacci()
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
fmt.Println(f())
}
}
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/go/187433.html