cocos2dx—-屏幕自适应

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cocos2dx-2.0版本对多分辨率适配提供了很好的支持，使用起来比1.0版本要简单些，1.0版本的适配可以参考这篇博文。
1. 做2.0版本的适配首先需要了解下面这些知识。
(1)适配策略
2.0版本提供了三种适配策略：
kResolutionNoBorder：超出屏幕的部分会被裁剪，两侧没有黑边，铺满屏幕，按图片原始比例显示，图片不变形。
kResolutionShowAll：整个游戏界面是可见的，会按原始比例进行缩放，图片不变形，但两侧可能会留有黑边，不铺满屏幕。
kResolutionExactFit：整个游戏界面是可见的，图片可能会进行拉伸或者压缩处理，铺满屏幕，图片会变形。
可以根据自己的要求选择。
(2)VisibleSize和VisibleOrigin
getVisibleSize：表示获得视口(可视区域)的大小，如果DesignResolutionSize跟屏幕尺寸一样大，则getVisibleSize等于getWinSize。
getVisibleOrigin：表示可视区域的起点坐标，这在处理相对位置的时候非常有用，确保节点在不同分辨率下的位置一致。
(3)DesignResolutionSize
DesignResolutionSize是一个比较重要的概念，其实2.0版本的适配跟1.0版本原理差不多，都是按比例进行缩放。这个DesignResolutionSize表示设计方案，就是你的游戏完美支持的分辨率方案，一般根据图片资源的尺寸来定，自适配时会按照这个分辨率计算出缩放因子。因此，这个值也应该是动态的，如果是横屏游戏则高度肯定是铺满屏幕的，宽度也要尽可能的铺满屏幕，因此应该选择宽高比最大的作为设计分辨率，下面的demo会给出使用方法。
(4)设置相对位置
在游戏中使用相对位置设置坐标的好处是显而易见的，这样就不需要为每个分辨率都定义一套坐标了。首先得定义一些参考点，引擎的TestCpp例子中就提供了一种方法，以屏幕上可视区域的9个点作为参考点，相当于在该矩形内写一个米字，这9个点分别是：左上、左、左下、下、右下、右、右上、上、中心。

2. 下面来实现一个简单的demo，首先创建一个win32工程，这个就不详述了。
(1)创建一个AppMacros.h文件，定义了一些宏，源码如下：

#ifndef __APPMACROS_H__
#define __APPMACROS_H__
 
#include "cocos2d.h"
 
typedef struct tagResource
{
    cocos2d::CCSize size;
    char directory[100];
}Resource;
 
//可用的资源尺寸
static Resource smallResource  =  { cocos2d::CCSizeMake(480,320),"iphone" };
static Resource mediumResource =  { cocos2d::CCSizeMake(1024,768),"ipad"   };
static Resource largeResource  =  { cocos2d::CCSizeMake(2048,1536),"ipadhd" };
 
//设计方案
static cocos2d::CCSize smallDesignResolutionSize = cocos2d::CCSizeMake(480.0f,320.0f);
static cocos2d::CCSize mediumDesignResolutionSize = cocos2d::CCSizeMake(1024.0f,768.0f);
static cocos2d::CCSize largeDesignResolutionSize = cocos2d::CCSizeMake(2048.0f,1536.0f);
 
//缩放因子，主要给文字标签使用
#define SCALE_FACTOR  (cocos2d::CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView()->getDesignResolutionSize().width / smallResource.size.width)
 
#endif

(2)接下来修改AppDelegate.cpp文件的applicationDidFinishLaunching函数，添加以下代码：

bool AppDelegate::applicationDidFinishLaunching()
{
    // initialize director
    CCDirector *pDirector = CCDirector::sharedDirector();
    CCEGLView *pEGLView = CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView();
    pDirector->setOpenGLView(pEGLView);
 
    CCSize frameSize = pEGLView->getFrameSize();
    float ratio = frameSize.width / frameSize.height;
    float ratio1 = largeDesignResolutionSize.width / largeDesignResolutionSize.height;
    float ratio2 = mediumDesignResolutionSize.width / mediumDesignResolutionSize.height;
    float ratio3 = smallDesignResolutionSize.width / smallDesignResolutionSize.height;
    float d1 = abs(ratio - ratio1);
    float d2 = abs(ratio - ratio2);
    float d3 = abs(ratio - ratio3);
    std::map<float,CCSize> designSize;
    designSize[d1] = largeDesignResolutionSize;
    designSize[d2] = mediumDesignResolutionSize;
    designSize[d3] = smallDesignResolutionSize;
    std::map<float,CCSize>::reverse_iterator iter = designSize.rbegin();
    //得到key最大的，因此我这里是横屏，所以以高度为基准，为了确保缩放后宽度能全屏，所以选取宽高比最大的为设计方案
    CCSize designResolutionSize = iter->second;
 
    //pEGLView->setDesignResolutionSize(designResolutionSize.width,designResolutionSize.height,kResolutionNoBorder);
    pEGLView->setDesignResolutionSize(designResolutionSize.width,kResolutionShowAll);
    //pEGLView->setDesignResolutionSize(designResolutionSize.width,kResolutionExactFit);
 
    if (frameSize.height > mediumResource.size.height)
    { 
        CCFileUtils::sharedFileUtils()->setResourceDirectory(largeResource.directory);
        pDirector->setContentScaleFactor(largeResource.size.height/designResolutionSize.height);
    }
    else if (frameSize.height > smallResource.size.height)
    { 
        CCFileUtils::sharedFileUtils()->setResourceDirectory(mediumResource.directory);
        pDirector->setContentScaleFactor(mediumResource.size.height/designResolutionSize.height);
    }
    else
    { 
        CCFileUtils::sharedFileUtils()->setResourceDirectory(smallResource.directory);
        pDirector->setContentScaleFactor(smallResource.size.height/designResolutionSize.height);
    }
 
    pDirector->setDisplayStats(true);
 
    pDirector->setAnimationInterval(1.0 / 60);
 
    CCScene *pScene = HelloWorld::scene();
 
    pDirector->runWithScene(pScene);
 
    return true;
}

(3)创建VisibleRect.h和VisibleRect.cpp文件，封装了获取那9个点坐标的函数，比较简单。代码如下：
VisibleRect.h

#ifndef __VISIBLERECT_H__
#define __VISIBLERECT_H__
 
#include "cocos2d.h"
USING_NS_CC;
 
class VisibleRect
{
public:
    static CCRect getVisibleRect();
 
    static CCPoint left();
    static CCPoint right();
    static CCPoint top();
    static CCPoint bottom();
    static CCPoint center();
    static CCPoint leftTop();
    static CCPoint rightTop();
    static CCPoint leftBottom();
    static CCPoint rightBottom();
private:
    static void lazyInit();
    static CCRect s_visibleRect;
};
 
#endif

VisibleRect.cpp

#include "VisibleRect.h"
 
CCRect VisibleRect::s_visibleRect;
 
void VisibleRect::lazyInit()
{
    if (s_visibleRect.size.width == 0.0f && s_visibleRect.size.height == 0.0f)
    {
        CCEGLView* pEGLView = CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView();
        s_visibleRect.origin = pEGLView->getVisibleOrigin();
        s_visibleRect.size = pEGLView->getVisibleSize();
    }
}
 
CCRect VisibleRect::getVisibleRect()
{
    lazyInit();
    return CCRectMake(s_visibleRect.origin.x,s_visibleRect.origin.y,s_visibleRect.size.width,s_visibleRect.size.height);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::left()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x,s_visibleRect.origin.y + s_visibleRect.size.height/2);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::right()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x+s_visibleRect.size.width,s_visibleRect.origin.y + s_visibleRect.size.height/2);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::top()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x + s_visibleRect.size.width/2,s_visibleRect.origin.y + s_visibleRect.size.height);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::bottom()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x + s_visibleRect.size.width/2,s_visibleRect.origin.y);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::center()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x + s_visibleRect.size.width/2,s_visibleRect.origin.y + s_visibleRect.size.height/2);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::leftTop()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x,s_visibleRect.origin.y + s_visibleRect.size.height);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::rightTop()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x + s_visibleRect.size.width,s_visibleRect.origin.y + s_visibleRect.size.height);
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::leftBottom()
{
    lazyInit();
    return s_visibleRect.origin;
}
 
CCPoint VisibleRect::rightBottom()
{
    lazyInit();
    return ccp(s_visibleRect.origin.x + s_visibleRect.size.width,s_visibleRect.origin.y);
}

(4)修改HelloWorldScene.cpp的init函数，使用相对位置设置坐标。

bool HelloWorld::init()
{
    if ( !CCLayer::init() )
    {
        return false;
    }
    CCMenuItemImage *pCloseItem = CCMenuItemImage::create(
                                        "CloseNormal.png","CloseSelected.png",this,menu_selector(HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback));
 
    pCloseItem->setPosition(ccpAdd(VisibleRect::rightBottom(),ccp(-pCloseItem->getContentSize().width/2,pCloseItem->getContentSize().height/2)));
 
    CCMenu* pMenu = CCMenu::create(pCloseItem,NULL);
    pMenu->setPosition(CCPointZero);
    this->addChild(pMenu,1);
 
    CCLabelTTF* pLabel = CCLabelTTF::create("Hello World","Arial",SCALE_FACTOR * 24);
    pLabel->setPosition(ccpAdd(VisibleRect::top(),ccp(0,-pLabel->getContentSize().height)));
    this->addChild(pLabel,1);
 
    CCSprite* pSprite = CCSprite::create("HelloWorld.png");
    pSprite->setPosition(VisibleRect::center());
    this->addChild(pSprite,0);
 
    CCSprite *plogoSprite = CCSprite::create("icon.png");
    plogoSprite->setAnchorPoint( ccp(0,0.5) );
    plogoSprite->setPosition(ccpAdd(VisibleRect::left(),ccp(50,0)));
    this->addChild(plogoSprite,0);
 
    return true;
}

(5)创建窗口，main.cpp的主要内容：

AppDelegate app;
CCEGLView* eglView = CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView();
    //eglView->setFrameSize(2048,1536);
    //eglView->setFrameSize(480,320);
    //eglView->setFrameSize(800,480);
    //eglView->setFrameSize(1024,768);
    //eglView->setFrameSize(1280,800);
    eglView->setFrameSize(1280,768);
    //eglView->setFrameSize(960,640);
    eglView->setFrameZoomFactor(0.5f);
 
int ret = CCApplication::sharedApplication()->run();

OK，到此为止，代码部分已经完成

cocos2dx—-屏幕自适应

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