转自: http://www.cnblogs.com/slysky/p/3945331.html
说明:本文所论述内容均基于cocos2dx 3.0 版本。
1、UserDefault
它是cocos2d-x用来存取基本数据类型用的。保存为XML文件格式。
查看CCUserDefault文件,可以看出,文件名默认为UserDefault.xml。在win32平台,Debug下,该文件在Debug.win32文件夹内。如果该文件不存在,则会创建新文件。
// root name of xml #define USERDEFAULT_ROOT_NAME "userDefaultRoot" #define XML_FILE_NAME "UserDefault.xml"
用UserDefault
操作方式比较简单:
主要方法:(和java的map很像,键值对,应该很容易懂的)
void setBoolForKey(const char* pKey,bool value); void setIntegerForKey(const char* pKey,int value); void setFloatForKey(const char* pKey,float value); void setDoubleForKey(const char* pKey,double value); void setStringForKey(const char* pKey,const std::string & value);
通过键读取数据,如果键不存在,可以设置一个defaultValue返回自己想要的值。
bool getBoolForKey(const char* pKey,bool defaultValue = false); int getIntegerForKey(const char* pKey,int defaultValue = 0); float getFloatForKey(const char* pKey,float defaultValue=0.0f); double getDoubleForKey(const char* pKey,double defaultValue=0.0); std::string getStringForKey(const char* pKey,const std::string & defaultValue = "");
UserDefault封装了对XML文件的处理,提供了简单操作文件的方法,但是不足之处在于固定的文件夹,固定的文件名称。有限的数据类型。
2、FileUtils
static FileUtils* getInstance();//获取FileUtils类的实例
在cocos2d-x中,文件读写其实直接使用c/c++中的文件读写操作方法,但是,在实际运用中,由于移动客户端读写文件需要相应的权限,所以读写文件就需要先指定文件的路径,我们不需要获取绝对路径,只需要获取相对路径就行,因为cocos2d-x底层已经做了相应各个平台的处理.
std::string fullPathForFilename(const std::string &filename);//获取文件的完整路径
std::string getStringFromFile(const std::string& filename);//读取文件中的字符串
Data getDataFromFile(const std::string& filename);//获取文件数据
可以看下Data类:
class CC_DLL Data { public: static const Data Null; //构造函数 Data(); Data(const Data& other); Data(Data&& other); ~Data(); // 重载符号 Data& operator= (const Data& other); Data& operator= (Data&& other); unsigned char* getBytes() const;//获取数据 ssize_t getSize() const;//尺寸 void copy(unsigned char* bytes,const ssize_t size);//从bytes复制 void fastSet(unsigned char* bytes,const ssize_t size);//从bytes快速set,使用后bytes将不能在外部使用 void clear();//清除 bool isNull() const;//判空 private: void move(Data& other); private: unsigned char* _bytes; ssize_t _size; };
unsigned char* getFileDataFromZip(const std::string& zipFilePath,const std::string& filename,ssize_t *size);//读取压缩文件数据(zip格式)
如果读取成功size中会返回文件的大小,否则返回0。
如果我们通过setSearchPaths()设置搜索路径("/mnt/sdcard/","internal_dir/"),然后通过setSearchResolutionsOrder()设置子区分路径("resources-ipadhd/","resources-ipad/","resources-iphonehd")。如果搜索文件名为'sprite.png' 那么会先在文件查找字典中查找key: sprite.png -> value: sprite.pvr.gz,然后搜索文件'sprite.pvr.gz'如下顺序:
/mnt/sdcard/resources-ipadhd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) /mnt/sdcard/resources-ipad/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) /mnt/sdcard/resources-iphonehd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) /mnt/sdcard/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/resources-ipadhd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/resources-ipad/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/resources-iphonehd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,return "sprite.png") If the filename contains relative path like "gamescene/uilayer/sprite.png",and the mapping in fileLookup dictionary contains `key: gamescene/uilayer/sprite.png -> value: gamescene/uilayer/sprite.pvr.gz`. The file search order will be: /mnt/sdcard/gamescene/uilayer/resources-ipadhd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) /mnt/sdcard/gamescene/uilayer/resources-ipad/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) /mnt/sdcard/gamescene/uilayer/resources-iphonehd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) /mnt/sdcard/gamescene/uilayer/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/gamescene/uilayer/resources-ipadhd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/gamescene/uilayer/resources-ipad/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/gamescene/uilayer/resources-iphonehd/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,search next) internal_dir/gamescene/uilayer/sprite.pvr.gz (if not found,return "gamescene/uilayer/sprite.png") If the new file can't be found on the file system,it will return the parameter filename directly.
如果找到返回完整路径,没找到返回'sprite.png'。
void loadFilenameLookupDictionaryFromFile(const std::string &filename);//从文件导入文件名查找字典
文件为plist格式如下:
/** * Loads the filenameLookup dictionary from the contents of a filename. * * @note The plist file name should follow the format below: * * @code * <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> * <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> * <plist version="1.0"> * <dict> * <key>filenames</key> * <dict> * <key>sounds/click.wav</key> * <string>sounds/click.caf</string> * <key>sounds/endgame.wav</key> * <string>sounds/endgame.caf</string> * <key>sounds/gem-0.wav</key> * <string>sounds/gem-0.caf</string> * </dict> * <key>Metadata</key> * <dict> * <key>version</key> * <integer>1</integer> * </dict> * </dict> * </plist> * @endcode * @param filename The plist file name. * @since v2.1 * @js loadFilenameLookup * @lua loadFilenameLookup */
void setFilenameLookupDictionary(const ValueMap& filenameLookupDict);//从ValueMap中设置文件名查找字典
ValueMap的定义:
1 typedef std::unordered_map<std::string,Value> ValueMap;
std::string fullPathFromRelativeFile(const std::string &filename,const std::string &relativeFile);//获取相对应文件的完整路径
e.g. filename: hello.png,pszRelativeFile: /User/path1/path2/hello.plist Return: /User/path1/path2/hello.pvr (If there a a key(hello.png)-value(hello.pvr) in FilenameLookup dictionary. )
void setSearchResolutionsOrder(const std::vector<std::string>& searchResolutionsOrder);//设置子搜索区分路径
见fullPathForFilename()。
void addSearchResolutionsOrder(const std::string &order);//增加子搜索路径
const std::vector<std::string>& getSearchResolutionsOrder();//获取子搜索区分路径
void setSearchPaths(const std::vector<std::string>& searchPaths);//设置搜索路径
见fullPathForFilename()。
void addSearchPath(const std::string & path);//增加搜索路径
const std::vector<std::string>& getSearchPaths() const;//获取搜索路径
std::string getWritablePath();//获取一个可写入文件的路径
经过测试在win32平台上,debug版本返回的是程序文件所在的路径,release返回的是“我的文档”路径。
bool isFileExist(const std::string& filePath);//判断文件是否存在
经过测试在win32平台上,如果路径中包含中文字符会找不到文件。所以可以自己写个。
bool isAbsolutePath(const std::string& path);判断是否为绝对路径
void setPopupNotify(bool notify);
bool isPopupNotify();
Sets/Gets 当文件加载失败时弹出messageBox.
ValueMap getValueMapFromFile(const std::string& filename);//从文件获取ValueMap
bool writeToFile(ValueMap& dict,const std::string& fullPath);//写入一个ValueMap数据到plist格式文件
ValueVector getValueVectorFromFile(const std::string& filename);//从文件获取ValueVector
ValueVector定义:
1 typedef std::vector<Value> ValueVector;
3.sqlite
4、plist文件读写
在cocos2d-x中,对于plist文件,既可以读取,也可以进行写入的操作;下面先来看一个plist文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"/> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>string element key</key> <string>string element value</string> <key>array</key> <array> <dict> <key>string in dictInArray key 0</key> <string>string in dictInArray value 0</string> <key>string in dictInArray key 1</key> <string>string in dictInArray value 1</string> </dict> <string>string in array</string> <array> <string>string 0 in arrayInArray</string> <string>string 1 in arrayInArray</string> </array> </array> <key>dictInDict,Hello World</key> <dict> <key>string in dictInDict key</key> <string>string in dictInDict value</string> <key>bool</key> <true/> <key>integer</key> <integer>1024</integer> <key>float</key> <real>1024.1024170</real> <key>double</key> <real>1024.1230000000000000</real> </dict> </dict> </plist>
先不看上面的plist文件到底有些什么内容;实际上它是由下一段代码生成的。
auto root = Dictionary::create(); auto string = String::create("string element value"); root->setObject(string,"string element key"); // 添加一个键值对 auto array = Array::create(); // 创建一个array auto dictInArray = Dictionary::create(); dictInArray->setObject(String::create("string in dictInArray value 0"),"string in dictInArray key 0"); dictInArray->setObject(String::create("string in dictInArray value 1"),"string in dictInArray key 1"); array->addObject(dictInArray); // 往数组中添加一个键值对 array->addObject(String::create("string in array")); // 往数组中添加一个字符串 auto arrayInArray = Array::create(); arrayInArray->addObject(String::create("string 0 in arrayInArray")); arrayInArray->addObject(String::create("string 1 in arrayInArray")); array->addObject(arrayInArray); // 往数组中添加一个数组 root->setObject(array,"array"); auto dictInDict = Dictionary::create(); dictInDict->setObject(String::create("string in dictInDict value"),"string in dictInDict key"); //add boolean to the plist auto booleanObject = Bool::create(true); dictInDict->setObject(booleanObject,"bool"); //add interger to the plist auto intObject = Integer::create(1024); dictInDict->setObject(intObject,"integer"); //add float to the plist auto floatObject = Float::create(1024.1024f); dictInDict->setObject(floatObject,"float"); //add double to the plist auto doubleObject = Double::create(1024.123); dictInDict->setObject(doubleObject,"double"); root->setObject(dictInDict,"dictInDict,Hello World"); // end with / std::string writablePath = FileUtils::getInstance()->getWritablePath(); std::string fullPath = writablePath + "text.plist"; if(root->writeToFile(fullPath.c_str())) log("see the plist file at %s",fullPath.c_str()); else log("write plist file Failed"); // 读取上面创建的内容 auto loadDict = __Dictionary::createWithContentsOfFile(fullPath.c_str()); auto loadDictInDict = (__Dictionary*)loadDict->objectForKey("dictInDict,Hello World"); auto boolValue = (__String*)loadDictInDict->objectForKey("bool"); CCLOG("%s",boolValue->getCString()); auto floatValue = (__String*)loadDictInDict->objectForKey("float"); CCLOG("%s",floatValue->getCString()); auto intValue = (__String*)loadDictInDict->objectForKey("integer"); CCLOG("%s",intValue->getCString()); auto doubleValue = (__String*)loadDictInDict->objectForKey("double"); CCLOG("%s",doubleValue->getCString());
因此可以看出,对符合一定格式的plist文件,可以通过Dictionary进行操作。cocos2dx 3.0 的Dictionary,可以实现对Array,Dictionary,Integer,String,Bool等基础数据类型进行读写。
下面再来看另一种读取方式:假定plist文件如下;
<plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>name</key> <string>Ls</string> <key>isgirl</key> <false/> </dict> </plist>
读取方式二,这种方法是借助VectorMap来进行读的:
FileUtils * fu = FileUtils::getInstance(); ValueMap vm = fu->getValueMapFromFile("Info.plist"); log("%s",vm["name"].asString().c_str()); // 读取string -->Ls bool bl = vm["isgirl"].asBool(); // 读取bool -->0 log("%d",bl);
如果文件节点也是一个ValueMap,则可以通过xm["xx"].asValueMap()将节点转换为ValueMap;如果根节点为数组也可能直接通过ValueVector.getValueVectorFromFile("xx")读取数据;
5、xml文件读取
FileUtils * fu = FileUtils::getInstance(); auto doc = new tinyxml2::XMLDocument(); doc->Parse(fu->getStringFromFile("data.xml").c_str()); auto root = doc->RootElement(); for (auto e = root->FirstChildElement(); e; e = e->NextSiblingElement()) { std::string str; for (auto attr = e->FirstAttribute(); attr; attr = attr->Next()) { str += attr->Name(); str += ":"; str += attr->Value(); str += ","; } log("%s",str.c_str()); }
data.xml
<data> <p name="zs" age="23"/> <p name="ls" age="25"/> </data>
cocos2d: name:zs,age:23,
cocos2d: name:ls,age:25,
注:需要导入cosos2d-x库<tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h>
6、JSON文件读取
先来看一个json : [{"name": "zs","age": 23},{"name": "ls","age": 25}]
rapidjson::Document d; d.Parse<0>(fu->getStringFromFile("dj.json").c_str()); // 0表示默认的解析方式; log("%s",d[rapidjson::SizeType(0)]["name"].GetString());
注:需要导入cocos2d-x库 <json/document.h>