注:以下所有操作均在CentOS 6.5 x86_64位系统下完成。
#准备工作#
前段时间PHP官方发布了一个重要的安全升级公告,修复了两个unserialize函数的严重漏洞,目前受影响的版本有:
- <5.4.36
- <5.5.20
- <5.6.4
这里我们直接下载5.6.4的版本进行安装配置,并且在这之前需要先把MysqL和Apache已经安装好,最好Nginx也先安装好.
#PHP的安装#
开始下载PHP并进行编译安装:
# wget http://cn2.PHP.net/distributions/PHP-5.6.4.tar.gz # tar zxf PHP-5.6.4.tar.gz # cd PHP-4 # export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/MysqL/lib # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/PHP-4 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/PHP-4/etc --with-MysqL=/usr/local/MysqL --with-pdo-MysqL=/usr/local/MysqL --with-MysqLi=/usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL_config --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --enable-fpm --enable-shared --enable-zip --with-bz2 --enable-ftp --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-libxml-dir --with-xmlrpc --with-zlib-dir --with-gd --with-gmp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-curl --with-regex=PHP --with-pic --with-xsl --enable-wddx --with-iconv --with-gettext --with-pear --enable-ctype --enable-calendar --enable-mbstring --enable-bcmath --enable-sockets --enable-exif --disable-rpath --with-mcrypt --with-mhash --with-openssl --enable-sysvsem --enable-sigchild --enable-sysvshm --enable-soap --disable-fileinfo --enable-opcache=no ... Thank you for using PHP. config.status: creating PHP5.spec config.status: creating main/build-defs.h config.status: creating scripts/PHPize config.status: creating scripts/man1/PHPize.1 config.status: creating scripts/PHP-config config.status: creating scripts/man1/PHP-config. config.status: creating sapi/cli/PHP. config.status: creating sapi/fpm/PHP-fpm.conf config.status: creating sapi/fpm/init.d.PHP-fpm config.status: creating sapi/fpm/PHP-fpm.service config.status: creating sapi/fpm/PHP-fpm.8 config.status: creating sapi/fpm/status.html config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi. config.status: creating ext/phar/phar. config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar. config.status: creating main/PHP_config.h config.status: executing default commands # make ... Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test. # make install ... Installing PHP SAPI module: apache2handler /usr/local/apache-2.4.10/build/instdso.sh SH_LIBTOOL=/usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool' libPHP5.la /usr/local/apache-10/modules /usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --mode=install install libPHP5.la /usr/local/apache-10/modules/ install .libs/libPHP5.so /usr/local/apache-10/modules/libPHP5.so install .libs/libPHP5.lai /usr/local/apache-libPHP5.la libtool: install: warning: remember to run `libtool --finish /usr/local/src/PHP-4/libs' chmod 755 /usr/local/apache-libPHP5.so [activating module `PHP5 in /usr/local/apache-2.4.10/conf/httpd.conf] Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/PHP-4/bin/ Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/PHP-4/PHP/man/man1/ Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/PHP-4/sbin/ Installing PHP FPM config: /usr/local/PHP-4/etc/ Installing PHP FPM man/man8/ Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/PHP-4/PHP/fpm/ Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/PHP- Installing PHP CGI Installing build environment: /usr/local/PHP-4/lib/PHP/build/ Installing header files: /usr/local/PHP-4/include/PHP/ Installing helper programs: /usr/local/PHP- program: PHPize program: PHP-config Installing man pages: /usr/local/PHP- page: PHPize. page: PHP-config. Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/PHP-4/lib/PHP/ [PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.3.12 [PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: [PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.0. [PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.2.3 [PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.9.5 Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/PHP-pear.conf You may want to add: /usr/local/PHP-4/lib/PHP to your PHP.ini include_path /usr/local/src/PHP-4/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/PHP-4/bin ln -s -f /usr/local/PHP-4/bin/phar.phar /usr/local/PHP-phar Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/PHP-4/include/PHP/ext/pdo/ # ln -s /usr/local/PHP-4/ /usr/local/PHP
至此,PHP已经安装完毕。
自PHP-5.3.3开始,PHP源码中包含了PHP-fpm,不需要再单独通过布丁的方式来安装PHP-fpm,在编译的时候加入参数--enable-fpm即可。
FPM(FastCGI Process Manager)用于替换PHP FastCGI的大部分附加功能,对于高负载网站非常有用。
首先将bin/PHP-fpm加入到系统PATH中:
# vim /etc/profile export PHP_HOME=/usr/local/PHP export PATH=$PATH:$PHP_HOME/bin:$PHP_HOME/sbin $ source /etc/profile $ PHP -version PHP 4 (cli) (built: Jan 3 2015 11:16:17) Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.6.0,Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
然后复制默认的配置文件:
# cp /usr/local/src/PHP-4/PHP.ini-production /usr/local/PHP-PHP.ini # cp /usr/local/PHP-4/etc/PHP-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/PHP-4/etc/PHP-fpm.conf
# vim /usr/local/PHP/etc/PHP.ini date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai # vim /usr/local/PHP/etc/PHP-fpm.conf [global] pid = /usr/local/PHP-4/var/run/PHP-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/PHP-4/var/log/PHP-fpm.log log_level = error [www] user = www group = www listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen.owner = www listen.group = www listen.mode = 0666
添加启动脚本,之后可以使用service来启动PHP-fpm程序,并且设置开机自启动:
# 4/sapi/fpm/init.d.PHP-fpm /etc/init.d/PHP-fpm # chmod +x /etc/init.d/PHP-fpm # service PHP-fpm Usage: /etc/init.d/PHP-fpm {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status} # chkconfig PHP-fpm on
启动PHP-fpm:
如果启动的时候出现错误(实际操作中发现存在该情况):
Starting PHP-fpm /usr/local/PHP-4/sbin/PHP-fpm: error while loading shared libraries: libMysqLclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Failed
再来重新启动PHP,这次启动成功。
现在来编辑Nginx.conf以支持PHP解析,查看当前PHP环境是否可以正常运行:
# vim /usr/local/Nginx/conf/Nginx.conf http { server { listen 80; server_name localhost; root html; index index.html index.PHP; location ~ \.PHP$ { try_files $uri = 404; include fastcgi.conf; fastcgi_pass ; fastcgi_index index.PHP; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } } }
# vim /usr/local/Nginx-1.6.2/html/PHPinfo.PHP <?PHP PHPinfo(); ?>chown -R www:www /usr/local/Nginx-2
启动Nginx,并打开浏览器访问地址http://youripaddress/PHPinfo.PHP应该可以看到:
#PHP的扩展安装#
很多时候我们还需要给PHP安装各种扩展支持,比如memcache、redis、mongodb等,下面用几个例子来说明下。
1、安装memcache扩展:
# pecl.PHP.net/get/memcache-2.2.7.tgz # tar zxf memcache-2.2.7.tgz # cd memcache- # /usr/local/PHP-PHPize # ./configure --with-PHP-config=/usr/local/PHP-4/bin/PHP-config # make && Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/PHP-4/lib/PHP/extensions/no-debug-zts-20131226/
2、安装memcached扩展(支持SASL):
1)首先可以使用yum安装SASL环境:
# yum install cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-lib
2)然后下载并安装libmemecached:
# wget https:launchpad.net/libmemcached/1.0/1.0.18/+download/libmemcached-1.0.18.tar.gz # tar zxf libmemcached-18..gz # cd libmemcached-18 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmemcached-18 --enable-sasl # install
3)最后再安装memcached扩展:
# pecl.PHP.net/get/memcached-2.2.0.tgz # tar zxf memecached-0.tgz # cd memecached-4/bin/PHP-config --with-libmemcached-dir=/usr/local/libmemcached-18 --enable-memcached-20131226/
注:前面安装的libmemcached必须支持SASL,否则可能出现如下错误:
configure: error: no,libmemcached sasl support is not enabled. Run configure with --disable-memcached-sasl to disable this check
3、安装redis扩展:
# pecl.PHP.net/get/redis-2.2.7.tgz # tar zxf redis-.tgz # cd redis-20131226/
#PHP的安全配置#
1、控制脚本访问权限。由于PHP默认配置允许PHP脚本程序访问服务器上的任意文件,为避免PHP脚本访问不该访问的文件,需要设置PHP只能访问网站目录或其他必须可访问的目录。比如:
2、禁止使用PHP危险函数,这些函数都是PHP木马常用的,比如:
# vim /usr/local/PHP/etc/PHP.ini disable_functions = dl,assert,exec,popen,system,passthru,shell_exec,proc_close,proc_open,pcntl_exec
3、关闭注册全局变量(PHP-5.3.*和PHP-5.4.*中已废除)
register_globals = Off
4、开启magic_quotes_gpc(PHP-5.3.*和PHP-5.4.*中已废除),由于magic_quotes_gpc会把引用的数据中包含单引号'和双引号"以及反斜线 \自动加上反斜线,自动转译符号,确保数据操作的正确运行,magic_quotes_gpc的设定值将会影响通过Get/Post/Cookies获得的数据,可以有效的防止sql注入漏洞。
magic_quotes_gpc = On
5、关闭错误信息提示,因为这些错误信息可能泄漏服务器的路径信息和数据库信息等。
display_errors = Off
6、开启错误日志记录,可以考虑跟Web服务器的日志放在一起,比如:
7、禁止访问远程文件,因为访问URL远程资源使得程序的漏洞变得更加容易被利用,关闭之,如果要访问远程服务器建议采用其他方式比如libcurl库。
allow_url_fopen = Off
allow_url_include = Off
8、开启PHP安全模式(PHP-5.3.*和PHP-5.4.*中已废除)
safe_mode = On
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0
10、确保PHP(FastCGI)以非root权限启动。如果是php-cgi进程,需要su道普通用户再启动;PHP-fpm进程默认已是非root用户进行,配置中配置即可,不能修改为root运行。比如这里:
root 28953 0.0 1.1 196060 5736 ? Ss 12:21 0:00 PHP-fpm: master process (/usr/local/PHP-4/etc/PHP-fpm.conf) www 28954 1.0 5504 ? S 00 PHP-fpm: pool www www 28955 fpm: pool www root 28974 0.1 103252 836 pts/0 S+ 22 00 grep PHP-fpm
注:这里只有master是root用户权限,其他两个pool中的进程都是www用户,这是正确的。
性能配置主要是为了让PHP能够运行得更好,这里很多时候需要根据业务的需求和当前系统的配置来设置,以下的配置只作为参考作用。
# vim /usr/local/PHP/etc/PHP.ini file_uploads = On upload_tmp_dir = /data/PHP/upload upload_max_filesize = 5M post_max_size = 8M max_execution_time = 30 max_input_time = 60 memory_limit = 32M
2、使用阿里云的OCS(memcache)来代替文件作为session的存储(这里需要前面安装memcached的扩展库,并且支持SASL),比如:
# vim /usr/local/PHP/etc/PHP.ini ;session.save_handler = files ;session.save_path = "/tmp" ;session.save_path = /data/PHP/session ;session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 session.save_handler = memcached session.save_path = something.m.cnszalist3pub001.ocs.aliyuncs.com:11211 session.gc_maxlifetime = 3600 [memcached] memcached.use_sasl = On memcached.sess_binary = On memcached.sess_sasl_username = yourusername memcached.sess_sasl_password = yourpassword memcached.sess_locking = Off memcached.sess_prefix = memc.sess.key."
注:使用其他的诸如memcache或redis缓存也是类似上面的配置。
# vim ocs.PHP <?PHP $mem = new Memcached(ocs); $mem->setOption(Memcached::OPT_COMPRESSION,false); $mem->setOption(Memcached::OPT_BINARY_PROTOCOL,255)">true); $mem->addServer(something.m.cnszalist3pub001.ocs.aliyuncs.com",11211); $mem->setSaslAuthData(); $key = key; $mem->set($key,0)">ocs cache value); $cache = $mem->get($key); if (empty($cache)) { echo Oh,No!; } else { Thanks God,the cache value is '{$cache}'; } ?>