ceph介绍
Ceph是统一存储系统,支持三种接口。
Object:有原生的API,而且也兼容Swift和S3的API
Block:支持精简配置、快照、克隆
File:Posix接口,支持快照
Ceph也是分布式存储系统,它的特点是:
高扩展性:使用普通x86服务器,支持10~1000台服务器,支持TB到PB级的扩展。
高性能:数据分布均衡,并行化度高。对于objects storage和block storage,不需要元数据服务器。
ceph架构
组件
Ceph的底层是RADOS,它的意思是“A reliable,autonomous,distributed object storage”。 RADOS由两个组件组成:
OSD: Object Storage Device,提供存储资源。
Monitor:维护整个Ceph集群的全局状态。
环境:三台装有Centos7的 主机,每个主机有三个磁盘(虚拟机磁盘要大于100G)
[root@mon-1cluster]#cat/etc/redhat-release CentOSLinuxrelease7.2.1511(Core) [root@mon-1cluster]#lsblk NAMEMAJ:MINRMSIZEROTYPEMOUNTPOINT fd02:014K0disk sda8:0020G0disk ├─sda18:10500M0part/boot └─sda28:2019.5G0part ├─centos-root253:0018.5G0lvm/ └─centos-swap253:101G0lvm[SWAP] sdb8:160200G0disk sdc8:320200G0disk sdd8:480200G0disk sr011:01603M0rom
vim/etc/hostname#由于7和6.5修改主机名的方法不一样,这里举个例子 mon-1 [root@osd-1ceph-osd-1]#cat/etc/hosts 192.168.50.123mon-1 192.168.50.124osd-1 192.168.50.125osd-2
配置ssh无密码登陆
[root@localhost~]#ssh-keygen-trsa-P'' Generatingpublic/privatersakeypair. Enterfileinwhichtosavethekey(/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Youridentificationhasbeensavedin/root/.ssh/id_rsa. Yourpublickeyhasbeensavedin/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. Thekeyfingerprintis: 62:b0:4c:aa:e5:37:92:89:4d:db:c3:38:e2:f1:2a:d6root@admin-node Thekey'srandomartimageis: +--[RSA2048]----+ || || |o| |+o| |+ooS| |BB..| |+.@*| |oooEo| |oo..| +-----------------+ ssh-copy-idmon-1 ssh-copy-idosd-1 ssh-copy-idosd-2
2.集群配置
主机IP功能
3.环境清理
如果之前部署失败了,不必删除ceph客户端,或者重新搭建虚拟机,只需要在每个节点上执行如下指令即可将环境清理至刚安装完ceph客户端时的状态!强烈建议在旧集群上搭建之前清理干净环境,否则会发生各种异常情况。
psaux|grepceph|awk'{print$2}'|xargskill-9 ps-ef|grepceph #确保此时所有ceph进程都已经关闭!!!如果没有关闭,多执行几次。 umount/var/lib/ceph/osd/* rm-rf/var/lib/ceph/osd/* rm-rf/var/lib/ceph/mon/* rm-rf/var/lib/ceph/mds/* rm-rf/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/* rm-rf/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/* rm-rf/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mon/* rm-rf/var/lib/ceph/tmp/* rm-rf/etc/ceph/* rm-rf/var/run/ceph/*
安装部署流程
yum源及ceph的安装
需要在每个主机上执行以下命令
yumcleanall rm-rf/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo wget-O/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo wget-O/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo sed-i'/aliyuncs/d'/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo sed-i'/aliyuncs/d'/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo sed-i's/$releasever/7.2.1511/g'/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
增加ceph源
vim/etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo [ceph] name=ceph baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0 [ceph-noarch] name=cephnoarch baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/noarch/ gpgcheck=0
安装ceph客户端
yum-yinstallcephceph-radosgwntpntpdate 关闭selinux和firewalld sed-i's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/'/etc/selinux/config#重启机器 systemctlstopfirewalld systemctldisablefirewalld
同步各个节点时间:
ntpdate-stime-a.nist.gov echontpdate-stime-a.nist.gov>>/etc/rc.d/rc.local echo"0101***/usr/sbin/ntpdate-stime-a.nist.gov>>/dev/null2>&1">>/etc/crontab
开始部署
在部署节点(mon-1)安装ceph-deploy,下文的部署节点统一指mon-1:
[root@mon-1~]#yum-yinstallceph-deploy [root@mon-1~]#ceph-deploy--version 1.5.36 [root@mon-1~]#ceph-v cephversion10.2.3(ecc23778eb545d8dd55e2e4735b53cc93f92e65b)
在部署节点创建部署目录
[root@mon-1~]#mkdircluster [root@mon-1~]#cdcluster [root@mon-1cluster]#ceph-deploynewmon-1osd-1osd-2 [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG]foundconfigurationfileat:/root/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]Invoked(1.5.36):/usr/bin/ceph-deploynewmon-1osd-1osd-2 [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]ceph-deployoptions: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]username:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]func:<functionnewat0x1803230> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]verbose:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]overwrite_conf:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]quiet:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]cd_conf:<ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Confinstanceat0x186d440> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]cluster:ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]ssh_copykey:True [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]mon:['mon-1','osd-1','osd-2'] [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]public_network:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]ceph_conf:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]cluster_network:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]default_release:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]fsid:None [ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG]Creatingnewclusternamedceph [ceph_deploy.new][INFO]makingsurepasswordlessSSHsucceeds [ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG]Writinginitialconfigtoceph.conf...#如果能准确无误的走到这一步就算成功了
目录内容如下
[root@mon-1cluster]#ll total12 -rw-r--r--1rootroot197Dec602:24ceph.conf -rw-r--r--1rootroot2921Dec602:24ceph-deploy-ceph.log -rw-------1rootroot73Dec602:24ceph.mon.keyring
根据自己的IP配置向ceph.conf中添加public_network,并稍微增大mon之间时差允许范围(默认为0.05s,现改为2s):
[root@mon-1cluster]#echopublic_network=192.168.50.0/24>>ceph.conf [root@mon-1cluster]#echomon_clock_drift_allowed=2>>ceph.conf [root@mon-1cluster]#catceph.conf [global] fsid=0865fe85-1655-4208-bed6-274cae945746 mon_initial_members=mon-1,osd-1,osd-2 mon_host=192.168.50.123,192.168.50.124,192.168.50.125 auth_cluster_required=cephx auth_service_required=cephx auth_client_required=cephx public_network=192.168.50.0/24 mon_clock_drift_allowed=2
部署监控节点
[root@mon-1cluster]#ceph-deploymoncreate-initial [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG]foundconfigurationfileat:/root/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]Invoked(1.5.36):/usr/bin/ceph-deploymoncreate-initial [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]ceph-deployoptions: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]username:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]verbose:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]overwrite_conf:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]subcommand:create-initial [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]quiet:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]cd_conf:<ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Confinstanceat0x2023fc8> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]cluster:ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]func:<functionmonat0x201d140> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]ceph_conf:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]default_release:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]keyrings:None [ceph_deploy.mon][DEBUG]Deployingmon,clustercephhostsmon-1osd-1osd-2 ......省略 [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO]Storingceph.client.admin.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO]Storingceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO]keyring'ceph.mon.keyring'alreadyexists [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO]Storingceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO]Storingceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO]Destroytempdirectory/tmp/tmpVLiIFr
目录内容如下
[root@mon-1cluster]#ll total76 -rw-------1rootroot113Dec622:49ceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring -rw-------1rootroot113Dec622:49ceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring -rw-------1rootroot113Dec622:49ceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring -rw-------1rootroot129Dec622:49ceph.client.admin.keyring -rw-r--r--1rootroot300Dec622:47ceph.conf -rw-r--r--1rootroot50531Dec622:49ceph-deploy-ceph.log -rw-------1rootroot73Dec622:46ceph.mon.keyring
查看集群状态
[root@mon-1ceph]#ceph-s cluster1b27aaf2-8b29-49b1-b50e-7ccb1f72d1fa healthHEALTH_ERR noosds monmape1:1monsat{mon-1=192.168.50.123:6789/0} electionepoch3,quorum0mon-1 osdmape1:0osds:0up,0in flagssortbitwise pgmapv2:64pgs,1pools,0bytesdata,0objects 0kBused,0kB/0kBavail 64creating
开始部署OSD:
[root@mon-1cluster]#ceph-deploy--overwrite-confosdpreparemon-1:/dev/sdbmon-1:/dev/sdcmon-1:/dev/sddosd-1:/dev/sdbosd-1:/dev/sdcosd-1:/dev/sddosd-2:/dev/sdbosd-2:/dev/sdcosd-2:/dev/sdd--zap-disk 这里如果部署osd-2有问题,就删除程序和目录,重新分区以后成功创建osd-2 ceph-deploy--overwrite-confosdprepareosd-2:/dev/sdbosd-2:/dev/sdcosd-2:/dev/sdd
[root@mon-1~]#lsblk NAMEMAJ:MINRMSIZEROTYPEMOUNTPOINT fd02:014K0disk sda8:0020G0disk ├─sda18:10500M0part/boot └─sda28:2019.5G0part ├─centos-root253:0018.5G0lvm/ └─centos-swap253:101G0lvm[SWAP] sdb8:1602T0disk ├─sdb18:1702T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0 └─sdb28:1805G0part sdc8:3202T0disk ├─sdc18:3302T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1 └─sdc28:3405G0part sdd8:4802T0disk ├─sdd18:4902T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-2 └─sdd28:5005G0part sr011:01603M0rom [root@osd-1~]#lsblk NAMEMAJ:MINRMSIZEROTYPEMOUNTPOINT fd02:014K0disk sda8:0020G0disk ├─sda18:10500M0part/boot └─sda28:2019.5G0part ├─centos-root253:0018.5G0lvm/ └─centos-swap253:101G0lvm[SWAP] sdb8:1602T0disk ├─sdb18:1702T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-3 └─sdb28:1805G0part sdc8:3202T0disk ├─sdc18:3302T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-4 └─sdc28:3405G0part sdd8:4802T0disk ├─sdd18:4902T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-5 └─sdd28:5005G0part sr011:01603M0rom [root@osd-2~]#lsblk NAMEMAJ:MINRMSIZEROTYPEMOUNTPOINT fd02:014K0disk sda8:0020G0disk ├─sda18:10500M0part/boot └─sda28:2019.5G0part ├─centos-root253:0018.5G0lvm/ └─centos-swap253:101G0lvm[SWAP] sdb8:1602T0disk ├─sdb18:1702T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-6 └─sdb28:1805G0part sdc8:3202T0disk ├─sdc18:3302T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-7 └─sdc28:3405G0part sdd8:4802T0disk ├─sdd18:4902T0part/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-8 └─sdd28:5005G0part sr011:01603M0rom
这里有个WARN,去掉这个WARN只需要增加rbd池的PG就好
[root@mon-1cluster]#cephosdpoolsetrbdpg_num128 setpool0pg_numto128 [root@mon-1cluster]#cephosdpoolsetrbdpgp_num128 setpool0pgp_numto128 [root@mon-1cluster]#ceph-s cluster0865fe85-1655-4208-bed6-274cae945746 healthHEALTH_OK monmape3:2monsat{mon-1=192.168.50.123:6789/0,osd-1=192.168.50.124:6789/0} electionepoch30,quorum0,1mon-1,osd-1 osdmape58:9osds:9up,9in flagssortbitwise pgmapv161:128pgs,0objects 310MBused,18377GB/18378GBavail 128active+clean
给各个节点推送config配置
请不要直接修改某个节点的/etc/ceph/ceph.conf文件的,而是要去部署节点(此处为ceph-1:/root/cluster/ceph.conf)目录下修改。因为节点到几十个的时候,不可能一个个去修改的,采用推送的方式快捷安全!
[root@mon-1cluster]#ceph-deploy--overwrite-confconfigpushmon-1osd-1osd-2 [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG]foundconfigurationfileat:/root/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]Invoked(1.5.36):/usr/bin/ceph-deployadminmon-1osd-1osd-2 [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]ceph-deployoptions: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]username:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]verbose:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]overwrite_conf:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]quiet:False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]cd_conf:<ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Confinstanceat0x1a34e18> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]cluster:ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]client:['mon-1','osd-2'] [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]func:<functionadminat0x1964f50> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]ceph_conf:None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO]default_release:False [ceph_deploy.admin][DEBUG]Pushingadminkeysandconftomon-1 [mon-1][DEBUG]connectedtohost:mon-1 [mon-1][DEBUG]detectplatforminformationfromremotehost [mon-1][DEBUG]detectmachinetype [mon-1][DEBUG]writeclusterconfigurationto/etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf [root@mon-1cluster]#ceph-deploy--overwrite-confconfigpushceph-1ceph-2ceph-3 [ceph_deploy.admin][DEBUG]Pushingadminkeysandconftoosd-1 [osd-1][DEBUG]connectedtohost:osd-1 [osd-1][DEBUG]detectplatforminformationfromremotehost [osd-1][DEBUG]detectmachinetype [osd-1][DEBUG]writeclusterconfigurationto/etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf [ceph_deploy.admin][DEBUG]Pushingadminkeysandconftoosd-2 [osd-2][DEBUG]connectedtohost:osd-2 [osd-2][DEBUG]detectplatforminformationfromremotehost [osd-2][DEBUG]detectmachinetype [osd-2][DEBUG]writeclusterconfigurationto/etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
此时,需要重启各个节点的monitor服务
mon和osd的启动方式
#mon-1为各个monitor所在节点的主机名。 systemctlstartceph-mon@mon-1.service systemctlrestartceph-mon@mon-1.service systemctlstopceph-mon@mon-1.service #0为该节点的OSD的id,可以通过`cephosdtree`查看 systemctlstart/stop/restartceph-osd@0.service
遇到的报错
1.Monitor clock skew detected
http://www.iyunv.com/thread-157755-1-1.html
1. Monitor clock skew detected
[root@mon-1cluster]#ceph-s clusterf25ad2c5-fd2a-4fcc-a522-344eb498fee5 healthHEALTH_ERR clockskewdetectedonmon.osd-2 64pgsarestuckinactiveformorethan300seconds 64pgsstuckinactive noosds Monitorclockskewdetected
添加配置参数:
vim/etc/ceph/ceph.conf monclockdriftallowed=2 monclockdriftwarnbackoff=30
同步配置文件
ceph-deploy--overwrite-confadminosd-1osd-2
重启mon服务
systemctlrestartceph-mon@osd-2.service
问题总结:
本问题主要是mon节点服务器,时间偏差比较大导致,本次遇到问题为测试环境,通过修改ceph对时间偏差阀值,规避的告警信息,线上业务环境,注意排查服务器时间同步问题。
参考网址:
http://xuxiaopang.com/2016/10/09/ceph-quick-install-el7-jewel/
http://bbs.ceph.org.cn/question/205
http://www.docoreos.com/?p=86
http://www.jb51.cc/blog/xiangpingli/article/p-5979182.html