c – 为什么pthread_cond_timedwait doc谈论“不可避免的竞赛”?

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用于pthread_cond_timedwait函数The POSIX documentation(IEEE 1003.1,2013)说:

It is important to note that when pthread_cond_wait() and pthread_cond_timedwait() return without error,the associated predicate may still be false. Similarly,when pthread_cond_timedwait() returns with the timeout error,the associated predicate may be true due to an unavoidable race between the expiration of the timeout and the predicate state change.

(强调我的)

我们都知道应该在while循环中检查由条件变量控制的谓词的故事,并且可能存在虚假的唤醒.但我的问题是关于这个不可避免的词 – 这是一个强有力的词.为什么这样的比赛无法避免?

请注意,如果这样的比赛不存在,我们可以检查pthread_cond_timedwait是否超时;而不是再次检查谓词,然后才处理超时条件. (假设,当然,我们仅通过持有的互斥锁发出信号1)和2)当谓词实际发生变化时.)

如果我们被超时唤醒或发出信号,那么用“用户mutex”进行原子检查是不够的?

例如,让我们考虑在POSIX之上构建的条件变量的实现. (省略错误处理和初始化,可以填补明显的空白).

class CV 
{
pthread_mutex_t mtx;
pthread_cond_t cv;
int waiters; // how many threads are sleeping
int wakeups; // how many times this cv got signalled

public:    
CV();
~CV();

// returns false if it timed out,true otherwise
bool wait(Mutex *userMutex,struct timespec *timeout)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);

    waiters++;
    const int oldWakeups = wakeups;

    userMutex->unlock();

    int ret; // 0 on success,non-0 on timeout

    for (;;) {
        ret = pthread_cond_timedwait(&mtx,&cv,timeout);
        if (!(ret == 0 && wakeups == 0))
            break; // not spurIoUs
    }

    if (ret == 0) // not timed out
        wakeups--;

    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx);

    userMutex->lock();

    pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);
    waiters--;
    if (ret != 0 && wakeups > oldWakeups) {
        // got a wakeup after a timeout: report the wake instead
        ret = 0;
        wakeups--;    
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx);

    return (ret == 0);
}

void wake()
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);
    wakeups = min(wakeups + 1,waiters);
    pthread_cond_signal(&cv);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx);
}
};

有可能表明这一点

>如果CV :: wait报告超时,那么我们没有收到信号,因此谓词没有改变;然后
>如果超时到期但我们在返回用户代码并保持用户互斥之前发出信号,那么我们会报告唤醒.

上面的代码是否包含一些严重的错误?如果没有,说比赛是不可避免的是标准错误,还是必须做一些我失踪的其他假设?

解决方法

首先,请注意,这通常是危险的部分:
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx);
// Trouble is here
userMutex->lock();

pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);

评论点,任何事情都可能发生.你没有锁.条件变量的强大之处在于它们始终持有锁或等待.

然后就是手头的问题,不可避免的比赛

if (ret != 0 && wakeups > oldWakeups) {
    // got a wakeup after a timeout: report the wake instead
    ret = 0;
    wakeups--;    
}

无法保证一堆pthread_cond_t的等待将被唤醒的顺序,这会对您的计数造成严重破坏

Thread1           Thread2        Thread3
{lock userMtx in calling code}
{lock mtx}
waiters++ (=1)
oldWakeups = 0
{unlock userMtx }
wait {unlock mtx}
                  {lock userMtx in calling code}
                  {lock mtx}
                  signal_all
                  wakeups = 1
                  {unlock mtx}
                  {unlock userMtx in calling code}
timeout(unavoid. racecase) {lock mtx}
{unlock mtx}
                                  {lock userMtx in calling code}
                                  {lock mtx}
                                  waiters++ (=2)
                                  oldWawkupes = 1
                                  {unlock userMtx }
                                  wait {unlock mtx}

                                  timeout {lock mtx}
                                  {unlock mtx}
                                  {lock userMtx}
                                  {lock mtx}
                                  waiters-- (=1)
                                  wakeups-- (=0)*
                                  {unlock mtx}
                                  {unlock userMtx in calling code}
 {lock userMtx}
 {lock mtx}
 waiters--(=0)
 wakeups == oldWakeups (=0)
 {unlock mtx}
 {unlock userMtx in calling code}

此时,在线程1上,oldWakeups = wakeups,因此检查不可避免的竞赛案例未能注意到竞赛案例,重新创建了不可避免的竞赛案例.这是由于线程3窃取了针对thread1的信号,使得线程3(真正的超时)看起来像一个信号,而thread1(一个竞争信号/超时)看起来像一个超时

原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/c/118251.html

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