项目3 万能的XML

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对于这些XML,HTML,XHTML等,我只是在考试的时候会填下答案,也知道是网页上用的,但究竟还是只‘听说过,没写过‘。
“在开始本项目之前,建议你花点时间去阅读有关XML的资料。”书说到:
‘我是很想阅读,我不会的还太多。’



要求是‘通过单个XML文件生成一个完整的网站’

先看书上写了个XML文件,website.xml

<website>
    <page name="index" title="Home Page">
        <h1>Welcome to My Home Page</h1>

        <p>Hi,there,My name is Mr.Gumby,and this is my home page,Here are some of my interests:</p>

        <ul>
            <li><a href="interests/shouting.html">  Shouting</a></li>
            <li><a href="interests/sleepling.html"> Sleeping</a></li>
            <li><a href="interests/eating.html"> Eating</a></li>
        </ul>
    </page>
    <directory name="interests">
        <page name="shouting" title="Shouting">
            <h1>Mr.Gumby's Shouting page</h1>

            <p>...</p>
        </page>
        <page name="sleeping" title="Sleeping">
            <h1>Mr.Gumby's Sleeping Page</h1>

            <p>...</p>
        </page>
        <page name="eating" title="Eating">
            <h1>Mr.Gumby's Eating Page</h1>

            <p>...</p>
        </page>
    </directory>
</website>

            



虽然里面语法什么的都不懂,但还是大致理解点,感觉像 <page></page>和<ul></ul>之类的

标记和C中的花括号一样,各自包含自己的语句。

虽然里面语法什么的都不懂,但还是大致理解点,感觉像 <page></page>和<ul></ul>之类的

外国人学这个就是有大大的优势,像开始 ‘该页的名字’为‘index’‘标题’为‘Home Page’

<h1></h1>里面是小标题,<p></p>是其中的内容吧。



from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
from xml.sax import parse

class HeadlineHandler(ContentHandler):
    in_headline=False
    def __init__(self,headlines):
        ContentHandler.__init__(self)
        self.headlines=headlines
        self.data=[]
        
    def startElement(self,name,attrs):
        if name=='h1':
            self.in_headline=True
            
    def endElement(self,name):
        if name=='h1':
            text=''.join(self.data)
            self.data=[]
            self.headlines.append(text)
            self.in_headline=False

    def characters(self,string):
        if self.in_headline:
            self.data.append(string)


headlines=[]         
parse('website.xml',HeadlineHandler(headlines))

print 'The following <h1> elements were found: '

for h in headlines:
    print h
    

运行后标签,<h1></h1>之间的内容都会由headines列表输出

__int__方法中为什么会调用父类的构造函数啊?按书上来说,应该是先调用的startElement,

找到标签<h1>,然后调用characters,将标签间的字符串添加到self.data列表中,最后调用endElement. 重置self.data列表为空,并且把原字符串添加到headlines列表中。


endElement中的‘h1’是指的配对的那个</h1>吗?要不最终self.in_headline是True还是False

明显是True后chararcts才能调用。。.




然后是生成HTML页面



from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
from xml.sax import parse

class PageMaker(ContentHandler):
    passthrough=False
    def startElement(self,attrs):
        if name=='page':
            self.passthrough=True
            self.out=open(attrs['name']+'.html','w')
            self.out.write('<html><head>\n')
            self.out.write('<title>%s</title>\n'%attrs['title'])
            self.out.write('</head><body>\n')

        elif self.passthrough:
            self.out.write('<'+name)
            for key,val in attrs.items():
                self.out.write('%s="%s"'%(key,val))
      
            self.out.write('>')

    def endElement(self,name):
        if name=='page':
            self.passthrough=False
            self.out.write('\n</body></html>\n')
            self.out.close()

        elif self.passthrough:
            self.out.write('</%s>'%name)
    

    def characters(self,chars):
        if self.passthrough:
            self.out.write(chars)
        

parse('website.xml',PageMaker())
        


最后是再次实现,


from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
from xml.sax import parse
import os

class Dispatcher():

    def dispatch(self,prefix,attrs=None):
        mname=prefix+name.capitalize()
        dname='default'+prefix.capitalize()
        method=getattr(self,dname,None)
        if callable(method):
            args=()
        else:
            method=getattr(self,None)
            args=name,if prefix=='start':
            args+=attrs,if callable(method):
            method(*args)

    def startElement(self,attrs):
        self.dispatch('start',attrs)

    def endElement(self,name):
        self.dispatch('end',name)

class WebsiteConstructor(Dispatcher,ContentHandler):
    passthrough=False

    def __init__(self,directory):
        self.directory=[directory]
        self.ensureDirectory()

    def ensureDirectory(self):
        path=os.path.join(*self.directory)
        if not os.path.isdir(path):
            os.makedirs(path)

    def characters(self,chars):
        if self.passthrough:
            self.out.write(chars)
    def defaultStart(self,attrs):
        if self.passthrough:
            self.out.write('<',name)
            for key,val))

            self.out.write('>')
 
    def defaultEnd(self,name):
        if self.passthrough:
            self.out.write('</%s>'%name)    
  

    def startDirectory(self,attrs):
        self.directory.append(attrs['name'])
        self.ensureDirectory()

    def endDirectory(self):
        self.directory.pop()

    def startPage(self,attrs):
        filename=os.path.join(*self.directory+[attrs['name']+'.html'])
        self.out=open(filename,'w')
        self.writeHeader(attrs['title'])
        self.passthrough=True

    def endPage(self):
        self.passthrough=False
        self.writeFooter()
        self.out.close()

    def writeHeader(self,title):
        self.out.write('<html>\n <head>\n <title>')
        self.out.write(title)
        self.out.write('</title>\n </head>\n <body>\n')

    def writeFooter(self):
        self.out.write('\n</body>\n</html>\n')


parse('website.xml',WebsiteConstructor('public_html'))
        
        
        
        
            
        
        
    
    



Dispatcher中的dispatch方法是用来寻找合适的处理程序,startElement和endElement应该就是寻找的开始和结束处理程序,还有个默认处理程序defaultStart和defaultEnd,当找不到的时候,应该就调用默认程序了。然后是两个处理目录的startDirectory,endDirectory和两个处理页面的startPage,endPage。writehea der和writefooter分别输出了页首和页脚。


最后运行一直出错,说defaultStart参数有问题,结果页只有个public-html的文件夹,里面没有相应的html文件

TypeError: defaultStart() takes excatly 3 arguments (given 2)

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