一、情景描述
今天在写Spring3.0配置文件的时候遇到一个错误提示，如下图所示：
applicationContext.xml配置文件内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 导入扫描的注解解析器--> <context:component-scan base-package="org.oa"/> <!-- 导入事务的注解解析器 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 通过spring引用hibernate的sessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionfactorybean"> <property name="configLocation"> <value>classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml</value> </property> </bean> <!-- 通过spring引用hibernate的事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref bean="sessionFactory"/> </property> </bean> </beans>
二、分析和排错
起初我以为是MyEclipse的问题，所以没有理会这个错误，于是直接运行Spring3.0+Hibernate3.6的测试用例，结果就出现如下错误：
org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Failed to import bean definitions from relative location [applicationContext-db.xml]
Offending resource: class path resource [spring/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 15 in XML document from class path resource [spring/applicationContext-db.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 15; columnNumber: 49; 元素 "context:component-scan" 的前缀 "context" 未绑定。
百度查找原因后才发现，原来是没有在根源素beans中加入关于context的xmlns，所以加入
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"并且还要告诉xml解析器xmlns是引用哪的schema，所以要在schemaLoaction中加入
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
便能解决问题了。
修改后的applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 导入扫描的注解解析器--> <context:component-scan base-package="org.oa.*"/> <!-- 导入事务的注解解析器 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 通过spring引用hibernate的sessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionfactorybean"> <property name="configLocation"> <value>classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml</value> </property> </bean> <!-- 通过spring引用hibernate的事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref bean="sessionFactory"/> </property> </bean> </beans>
