概述
DOM4J是dom4j.org出品的一个开源XML解析包,Dom4j是一个易用的,开源的库,用于XML,XPath和XSLT它应用于Java平台,采用了Java集合框架并完全支持DOM,SAX和JAXP DOM4J架包下载 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/dom4j/dom4j-1.6.1.jar DOM4J在线API http://www.javasoft.ch/dom4j-2.0.0-beta/apidocs/org/dom4j/package-summary.html jaxen(对XPath的支持) http://dist.codehaus.org/jaxen/distributions/jaxen-1.1.1.zip
Dom4j的主要接口
Node 为所有的dom4j中XML节点定义了多态行为 Branch 为能够包含子节点的节点,如XML元素(Element)和文档(Docuemnts)定义了一个公共的行为 Element定义XML 元素 Document定义了XML文档 DocumentType 定义XML DOCTYPE声明 Entity 定义 XML entity Attribute 定义了XML的属性 ProcessingInstruction 定义 XML 处理指令 CharacterData 是一个标识接口,标识基于字符的节点,如CDATA,Comment,Text CDATA定义了XML CDATA区域 Text定义XML文本节点 Comment定义了XML注释的行为
创建XML文件的两种方法
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE student SYSTEM "dom4j.dtd"> <students> <student> <name>lwc</name> <sex>boy</sex> <age>20</age> </student> <student> <name>nxj</name> <sex>girl</sex> <age>18</age> </student> </students>
转换字符串创建
package com.itlwc; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper; import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat; import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; public class Dom4jTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"+ "<!DOCTYPE student SYSTEM \"dom4j.dtd\">"+ "<students>" + "<student>" + "<name>lwc</name>" + "<sex>boy</sex>" + "<age>20</age>" + "</student>" + "<student>" + "<name>nxj</name>" + "<sex>girl</sex>" + "<age>18</age>" + "</student>" + "</students>"; try { //解析XML,得到文档 Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(xml); //创建默认漂亮输出格式 OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint(); File file = new File("output.xml"); //将文档输出到文件保存,可指定字符编码,可指定格式化输出 XMLWriter output = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(file),format); output.write(document); output.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Dom4j的方法创建
package com.itlwc; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat; import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; public class Dom4jTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { // 得到文档实例 Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument(); document.addDocType("student","","dom4j.dtd"); // 创建元素 Element studentsElement = document.addElement("students"); Element student1Element = studentsElement.addElement("student"); Element name1Element = student1Element.addElement("name"); name1Element.setText("lwc"); Element sex1Element = student1Element.addElement("sex"); sex1Element.setText("boy"); Element age1Element = student1Element.addElement("age"); age1Element.setText("20"); Element student2Element = studentsElement.addElement("student"); Element name2Element = student2Element.addElement("name"); name2Element.setText("nxj"); Element sex2Element = student2Element.addElement("sex"); sex2Element.setText("girl"); Element age2Element = student2Element.addElement("age"); age2Element.setText("18"); // 创建默认漂亮输出格式 OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint(); File file = new File("output.xml"); // 将文档输出到文件保存,format); output.write(document); output.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
修改XML文件
package com.itlwc; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; public class Dom4jTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); File file = new File("output.xml"); // 定位资源文件并获取document实例 Document document = saxReader.read(file); // Document实例的selectNodes方法可以传入xpath,并返回一个List实例 List list = document.selectNodes("//students/student"); Iterator iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Element element = (Element) iter.next(); Iterator iterName = element.elementIterator("name"); while (iterName.hasNext()) { Element nameElement = (Element) iterName.next(); if ("lwc".equals(nameElement.getText())) { // 修改文本 nameElement.setText("itlwc"); } } } // 从新保存文件 XMLWriter output = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(new File( "students-modified.xml"))); output.write(document); output.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /* output.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <students> <student no="1001"> <name>lwc</name> <sex>boy</sex> <age>20</age> </student> <student no="1002"> <name>nxj</name> <sex>girl</sex> <age>18</age> </student> </students> students-modified.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <students> <student no="1001"> <name>itlwc</name> <sex>boy</sex> <age>20</age> </student> <student no="1002"> <name>nxj</name> <sex>girl</sex> <age>18</age> </student> </students> */
遍历XML文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <students> <student no="1001"> <name>lwc</name> <sex>boy</sex> <age>20</age> </student> <student no="1002"> <name>nxj</name> <sex>girl</sex> <age>18</age> </student> </students>
使用迭代遍历
package com.itlwc; import java.io.File; import java.util.Iterator; import org.dom4j.Attribute; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; public class Dom4jTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); File file = new File("output.xml"); // 定位资源文件并获取document实例 Document document = saxReader.read(file); // 获取根元素students Element root = document.getRootElement(); System.out.println(root.getName()); // 枚举根节点下所有子节点student Iterator iteStudent = root.elementIterator(); while (iteStudent.hasNext()) { Element elementStudent = (Element) iteStudent.next(); System.out.println(elementStudent.getName()); // 枚举根节点下所有子节点student的子节点 Iterator iteSonNode = elementStudent.elementIterator(); while (iteSonNode.hasNext()) { Element elementSon = (Element) iteSonNode.next(); System.out.println(elementSon.getName() + ":" + elementSon.getText()); } // 枚举根节点下所有子节点student的属性 Iterator iteSonAttribute = elementStudent.attributeIterator(); while (iteSonAttribute.hasNext()) { Attribute attribute = (Attribute) iteSonAttribute.next(); System.out.println(attribute.getName() + ":" + attribute.getData()); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /* 打印结果: students student name:lwc sex:boy age:20 no:1001 student name:nxj sex:girl age:18 no:1002 */
使用观察者模式遍历
Visitor是GOF设计模式之一,其主要原理就是两种类互相保有对方的引用,并且一种作为Visitor去访问许多Visitable DOM4J中的Visitor模式只需要自定一个类实现Visitor接口即可 public class MyVisitor extends VisitorSupport { public void visit(Element element) { System.out.println(element.getName()); } public void visit(Attribute attr) { System.out.println(attr.getName()); } } 调用:root.accept(new MyVisitor()) Visitor接口提供多种Visit()的重载,根据XML不同的对象,将采用不同的方式来访问 上面是给出的Element和Attribute的简单实现,一般比较常用的就是这两个 VisitorSupport是DOM4J提供的默认适配器,Visitor接口的Default Adapter模式,这个模式给出了各种visit(*)的空实现,以便简化代码 注意,这个Visitor是自动遍历所有子节点的,如果是root.accept(MyVisitor),将遍历子节点
案例
package com.itlwc; import java.io.File; import org.dom4j.Attribute; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.ProcessingInstruction; import org.dom4j.VisitorSupport; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; /** * 定义自己的访问者类 */ class MyVisitor extends VisitorSupport { // 对于属性节点,打印属性的名字和值 public void visit(Attribute node) { System.out.println("attribute : " + node.getName() + " = " + node.getValue()); } // 对于处理指令节点,打印处理指令目标和数据 public void visit(ProcessingInstruction node) { System.out.println("PI : " + node.getTarget() + " " + node.getText()); } // 对于元素节点,判断是否只包含文本内容,如是,则打印标记的名字和 元素的内容,如果不是,则只打印标记的名字 public void visit(Element node) { if (node.isTextOnly()) { System.out.println("element : " + node.getName() + " = " + node.getText()); } else { System.out.println("-----" + node.getName() + "-----"); } } } public class Dom4jTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); File file = new File("output.xml"); // 定位资源文件并获取document实例 Document document = saxReader.read(file); document.accept(new MyVisitor()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /* 打印结果: -----students----- -----student----- attribute : no = 1001 element : name = lwc element : sex = boy element : age = 20 -----student----- attribute : no = 1002 element : name = nxj element : sex = girl element : age = 18 */原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/xml/298193.html