OpenCV实践(7)- XML和YAML文件的输入输出

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1 目标
(1)在OpenCV中怎样使用XML和YAML文件打印和输出文本
(2)怎样对OpenCV数据结构进行输入和输出
(3)自定义数据结构怎样操作
(4)OpenCV数据结构,诸如FileStorageFileNodeFileNodeIterator的使用。
2 源代码

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

class MyData
{
public:
    MyData() : A(0),X(0),id()
    {}
    // 显式声明,避免隐式转换
    explicit MyData(int) : A(97),X(CV_PI),id("mydata1234") 
    {}
    // 为该类写序列化实现
    void write(FileStorage& fs) const
    {
        fs << "{" << "A" << A << "X" << X << "id" << id << "}";
    }
    // 为该类实现读取序列化
    void read(const FileNode& node)
    {
        A = (int)node["A"];
        X = (double)node["X"];
        id = (string)node["id"];
    }
    // Data Members
public:   
    int A;
    double X;
    string id;
};

// 这些读写函数必须用FileStorage定义读写序列化
static void write(FileStorage& fs,const std::string&,const MyData& x)
{
    x.write(fs);
}
static void read(const FileNode& node,MyData& x,const MyData& default_value = MyData()){
    if(node.empty())
        x = default_value;
    else
        x.read(node);
}

// 实现用户自定义类打印到控制台
static ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const MyData& m)
{
    out << "{ id = " << m.id << ",";
    out << "X = " << m.X << ",";
    out << "A = " << m.A << "}";
    return out;
}

int main(int ac,char** av)
{
    if (ac != 2)
    {
        help(av);
        return 1;
    }

    string filename = av[1];
    { //write
        Mat R = Mat_<uchar>::eye(3,3),T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3,1);
        MyData m(1);

        FileStorage fs(filename,FileStorage::WRITE);

        fs << "iterationNr" << 100;
        fs << "strings" << "["; 
        // text - string sequence
        fs << "image1.jpg" << "Awesomeness" << "baboon.jpg";
        fs << "]"; // close sequence

        fs << "Mapping";// text - mapping
        fs << "{" << "One" << 1;
        fs <<        "Two" << 2 << "}";

        fs << "R" << R;// cv::Mat
        fs << "T" << T;

        fs << "MyData" << m;                                // your own data structures

        fs.release();                                       // explicit close
        cout << "Write Done." << endl;
    }

    {//read
        cout << endl << "Reading: " << endl;
        FileStorage fs;
        fs.open(filename,FileStorage::READ);

        int itNr;
        //fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr;
        itNr = (int) fs["iterationNr"];
        cout << itNr;
        if (!fs.isOpened())
        {
            cerr << "Failed to open " << filename << endl;
            help(av);
            return 1;
        }

        FileNode n = fs["strings"];                         // Read string sequence - Get node
        if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ)
        {
            cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl;
            return 1;
        }

        FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(),it_end = n.end(); // Go through the node
        for (; it != it_end; ++it)
            cout << (string)*it << endl;


        n = fs["Mapping"];                                // Read mappings from a sequence
        cout << "Two " << (int)(n["Two"]) << "; ";
        cout << "One " << (int)(n["One"]) << endl << endl;


        MyData m;
        Mat R,T;

        fs["R"] >> R;                                      // Read cv::Mat
        fs["T"] >> T;
        fs["MyData"] >> m;                                 // Read your own structure_

        cout << endl
            << "R = " << R << endl;
        cout << "T = " << T << endl << endl;
        cout << "MyData = " << endl << m << endl << endl;

        //Show default behavior for non existing nodes
        cout << "Attempt to read NonExisting (should initialize the data structure with its default).";
        fs["NonExisting"] >> m;
        cout << endl << "NonExisting = " << endl << m << endl;
    }

    cout << endl
        << "Tip: Open up " << filename << " with a text editor to see the serialized data." << endl;

    return 0;
}

3 解释
在这里,我们只讨论XML和YAML文件的输入。它们有两类你可以序列化的数据结构:映射(像STL map)和元素序列(像STL vector)。它们的不同在于,对于映射map,每一个元素都有唯一的名称,你可以通过它访问。对于序列,你需要遍历才能访问指定的一个。
(1)XML/YAML文件的打开和关闭
同所有的文件读写一样。首先,你必须先打开文件;末尾,还要关闭文件。OpenCV有专门的控制这类文件的类FileStorage。使用其open()函数或者构造函数打开你硬件驱动上对应的文件

string filename = "I.xml";
FileStorage fs(filename,FileStorage::WRITE);
\\...
fs.open(filename,FileStorage::READ);

上面的两种方法,同普通文件的读写控制没有什么大的区别。第二个参数指定对文件的操作类型:读,写和附加。文件名中的扩展格式决定了输出格式。如果使用诸如.xml.gz的扩展格式,那么输出就会被压缩。
当FileStorage对象被销毁时,文件自动关闭。当然了,你也可以显式地调用release函数进行释放:

fs.release();   // 显式地关闭

(2)文本和数字的输入输出
该数据结构使用和STL标准模板库相同的”<<”输出操作符。为了输出任何类型的数据结构,我们首先需要指定它的名称。在这里,我们只需简单的打印输出它的名称就可以了。对于基本的数据类型,只需按照下面的格式输出就OK:

fs << "iterationNr" << 100;

读取:通过[]操作符,访问其地址;然后通过>>操作符或者转换操作,得到想要的值。

int itNr;
fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr;
itNr = (int) fs["iterationNr"];

(3)OpenCV数据结构的输入输出
行为类似基本的C++类型:

Mat R = Mat_<uchar >::eye  (3,T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3,1);

fs << "R" << R;     // Write cv::Mat
fs << "T" << T;

fs["R"] >> R;       // Read cv::Mat
fs["T"] >> T;

(4)矢量 (数组) 和 关联映射的输入输出
正如我们事先提到的,我们当然也能输出映射和序列(矢量,数组)。首先,我们打印变量的名称,然后我们必须指定我们的输出是序列还是映射。
对于序列,第一个元素之前打印“[“,以“]“字符结束:

fs << "strings" << "[";     // 字符串序列
fs << "image1.jpg" << "Awesomeness" << "baboon.jpg";
fs << "]";          // 关闭序列

对于映射是一样的,只是用“{“,“}“指定而已:

fs << "Mapping";    // 映射
fs << "{" << "One" << 1;
fs <<        "Two" << 2 << "}";

当需要读取时,我们使用 FileNodeFileNodeIterator 数据结构进行操作。类FileStorage 的操作符[] 返回FileNode数据类型。如果是序列,可以使用 FileNodeIterator 去迭代所有的项:

// 读字符串序列 - 首先获取节点
FileNode n = fs["strings"];
if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ)
{
    cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl;
    return 1;
}
// 遍历整个节点
FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(),it_end = n.end(); 
for (; it != it_end; ++it)
    cout << (string)*it << endl;

对于映射,可以使用[]操作符访问指定的项,

n = fs["Mapping"]; // 从一个序列中读取映射
cout << "Two " << (int)(n["Two"]) << "; ";
cout << "One " << (int)(n["One"]) << endl << endl;

(5)读写自定义数据结构
假设你有如下的自定义数据结构:

class MyData
{
public:
      MyData() : A(0),X(0),id() {}
public:   // Data Members
   int A;
   double X;
   string id;
};

添加读写函数

// 该类的写入序列化实现
void write(FileStorage& fs) const 
{
    fs << "{" << "A" << A << "X" << X << "id" << id << "}";
}
// 该类的读取序列化实现
void read(const FileNode& node)
{
  A = (int)node["A"];
  X = (double)node["X"];
  id = (string)node["id"];
}

然后,在类外添加下面的函数定义:

void write(FileStorage& fs,const MyData& x)
{
    x.write(fs);
}

void read(const FileNode& node,const MyData& default_value = MyData())
{
    if(node.empty())
        x = default_value;
    else
        x.read(node);
}

具体实例:

MyData m(1);
fs << "MyData" << m; // your own data structures
fs["MyData"] >> m;   // Read your own structure_

或者尝试读取不存在的节点:

fs["NonExisting"] >> m;   
// Do not add a fs << "NonExisting" << m command for this to work
cout << endl << "NonExisting = " << endl << m << endl;

4 结果
执行程序,看到如下输出:

Write Done.

Reading:
100image1.jpg
Awesomeness
baboon.jpg
Two  2; One  1


R = [1,0,0;
  0,1,1]
T = [0; 0; 0]

MyData =
{ id = mydata1234,X = 3.14159,A = 97}

Attempt to read NonExisting (should initialize the data structure with its default).
NonExisting =
{ id =,X = 0,A = 0}

Tip: Open up output.xml with a text editor to see the serialized data.

XML格式:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<opencv_storage>
<iterationNr>100</iterationNr>
<strings>
  image1.jpg Awesomeness baboon.jpg</strings>
<Mapping>
  <One>1</One>
  <Two>2</Two></Mapping>
<R type_id="opencv-matrix">
  <rows>3</rows>
  <cols>3</cols>
  <dt>u</dt>
  <data>
    1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1</data></R>
<T type_id="opencv-matrix">
  <rows>3</rows>
  <cols>1</cols>
  <dt>d</dt>
  <data>
    0. 0. 0.</data></T>
<MyData>
  <A>97</A>
  <X>3.1415926535897931e+000</X>
  <id>mydata1234</id></MyData>
</opencv_storage>

YAML文件格式:

%YAML:1.0
iterationNr: 100
strings:
   - "image1.jpg"    - Awesomeness    - "baboon.jpg" Mapping:
   One: 1
   Two: 2
R: !!opencv-matrix
   rows: 3
   cols: 3
   dt: u
   data: [ 1,1,1 ]
T: !!opencv-matrix
   rows: 3
   cols: 1
   dt: d
   data: [ 0.,0.,0. ]
MyData:
   A: 97
   X: 3.1415926535897931e+000
   id: mydata1234
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/xml/294421.html

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