（XPath、XMl和对象之间的转换）

1、XPath的介绍

XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言。类似于数据库的sql。

XPath 是通过元素和属性进行查找

XPath简化了Dom4j查找节点的过程
使用XPath必须导入jaxen-1.1-beta-6.jar
否则出现NoClassDefFoundError: org/jaxen/JaxenException

2、Xpath语法：

3、XPath进行信息查询的代码：

package com.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class TestXPath {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		File xmlFile = new File(
				"D:\\WorkSpace6.5\\java1603\\Eclipse\\Xml_Project\\src\\student.xml");

		SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
		String xpath = "";
		List<Element> stuList = null;
		Element element = null;
		try {
			Document document = saxReader.read(xmlFile);
			Element root = document.getRootElement();
			/**
			 * 1：通过XPath来查找节点
			 */
			// 1：查找XML所有的student
			xpath = "/root/student";
			stuList = document.selectNodes(xpath);
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

			/**
			 * 2：使用相对路径，从root来查询
			 */
			stuList = root.selectNodes("student");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());
			/**
			 * 3：获取所有name为student元素对象，不考虑位置
			 */
			stuList = document.selectNodes("//student");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

			// 2：查询sudent元素中id = 4的元素节点
			element = (Element) document.selectSingleNode("//student[@id='4']");
			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("id"));

			// 3：查询性别为男的元素节点
			stuList = document.selectNodes("/root/student[stu_sex='男']");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());
			// 4：查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,类似like语句。
			stuList = document
					.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a')]");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

			// 4：查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,或者年龄大于20岁
			stuList = document
					.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a') or stu_age>=20]");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());
			// 4：查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,并且年龄大于20岁
			stuList = document
					.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a')][stu_age>=20]");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

4、XMl与对象之间的转换

@H_403_43@package com.test; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import com.bean.StudentBean; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.DomDriver; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XmlFriendlyNameCoder; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver; /** * XML与Java对象之间的转换 * * @author ctd * */ public class XmlToJava { public static void main(String[] args) { XmlToJava.objectToXML(); // XmlToJava.xmlToObject(); } private static void objectToXML() { StudentBean student = new StudentBean(); student.setStu_id(1); student.setStu_name("admin"); student.setStu_sex("男"); student.setStu_content("备注内容"); student.setStu_age(20); /** * 将对象转为XML字符串/XML文件 * * 1：通过字符串的拼接 * * 2：通过X-Stream对象来进行转换，得包含xstream-1.4.5.jar */ /** * 解决下划线的问题 */ XStream stream = new XStream(new XppDriver(new XmlFriendlyNameCoder( "_-","_"))); /** * 更改根节点的名称 */ stream.alias("root",StudentBean.class); /** * 将id做为属性 */ stream.aliasAttribute(StudentBean.class,"stu_id","id"); System.out.println(stream.toXML(student)); /** * 生成一个文件 */ try { FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream( "E:\\test.xml"); fileOutputStream.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>" .getBytes()); fileOutputStream.write("\n".getBytes()); stream.toXML(student,fileOutputStream); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static void xmlToObject() { XStream stream = new XStream(new DomDriver()); stream.alias("root",StudentBean.class); stream.aliasAttribute(StudentBean.class,"id"); StringBuffer xml = new StringBuffer(); xml.append("<root id='2'>"); xml.append(" <stu_name>admin</stu_name>"); xml.append(" <stu_sex>男</stu_sex>"); xml.append(" <stu_age>20</stu_age>"); xml.append(" <stu_content>备注内容</stu_content>"); xml.append("</root>"); StudentBean studentBean = (StudentBean) stream.fromXML(xml.toString()); System.out.println(studentBean.getStu_id() + "\t" + studentBean.getStu_name()); } } studentBean.java

package com.bean;

public class StudentBean {
	private int stu_id;
	private String stu_name;
	private String stu_sex;
	private int stu_age;
	private String stu_content;

	public int getStu_id() {
		return stu_id;
	}

	public void setStu_id(int stu_id) {
		this.stu_id = stu_id;
	}

	public String getStu_name() {
		return stu_name;
	}

	public void setStu_name(String stu_name) {
		this.stu_name = stu_name;
	}

	public String getStu_sex() {
		return stu_sex;
	}

	public void setStu_sex(String stu_sex) {
		this.stu_sex = stu_sex;
	}

	public int getStu_age() {
		return stu_age;
	}

	public void setStu_age(int stu_age) {
		this.stu_age = stu_age;
	}

	public String getStu_content() {
		return stu_content;
	}

	public void setStu_content(String stu_content) {
		this.stu_content = stu_content;
	}

}