笔记5:vb.net的FileStream操作

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FileStream派生于Stream类。


在File类与FileInfo类中,提供的方法成员OpenRead,它返回只读的FileStream对象;

提供的方法成员OpenWrite,它返回可写的FileStream对象。

下面是FileInfo提供的两个方法

    Public Function OpenRead As FileStream
    Public Function OpenWrite As FileStream

FileStream中,ReadByte与WriteByte每次读或写一个字节,位置自动加1。当读至文件末时,返回的是-1。


下面是文件流FileStream中读或写字节的例子:

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Public Class Form1

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object,e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        '注意,下面是字节形式读写,因此若是汉字将是乱字符
        Dim s As String = "This is date" & vbCrLf _
                         & "This is date of next line"

        Dim fs As FileStream
        Dim btArray As Byte()
        Dim i As Int32 = 0 '数组索引

        '按字节读
        btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)
        fs = File.OpenWrite("D:\11.txt")
        For i = 0 To UBound(btArray)
            fs.WriteByte(btArray(i))
        Next
        fs.Close()


        '按字节写
        Dim intByte As Int32 '每个字节
        i = 0

        fs = File.OpenRead("D:\11.txt")
        ReDim btArray(fs.Length)
        Do While intByte <> -1
            intByte = fs.ReadByte
            If intByte <> -1 Then
                btArray(i) = CByte(intByte)
                i += 1
            End If
        Loop
        TextBox1.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
        fs.Close()
    End Sub
End Class






一、创建FileStream对象

1、利用上面返回值(File.OpenWrite,File.OpenRead),可以取得FileStream对象,再进行相关操作。


2、利用FileStream类本身的New也可以创建FileStream对象:

Public Sub New ( _
	path As String,_
	mode As FileMode,_
	access As FileAccess _
)
其中,参数前面接触过,FileMode枚举:Appen,CreateNew,Create,OpenOrCreate,Truncate.





二、字节(块)写入文件

字节块由一个字节数组构成,充当缓冲和运输作用,如同公交车,一车一车向另一个目的地运送数据。

FileSteam类提供将单一字节写入数据流的方法:WriteByte,

也提供了将一字节数据块写入数据流的方法:Write

Public Overrides Sub Write ( _
	array As Byte(),_    '字节数组
	offset As Integer,_   '字节数组中起始位置
	count As Integer _     '从起始位置开始写几个字节
)

参数都是描述字节数组的。


例:将字节块写入文件

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text 'Encoding专用于编码转换
Public Class Form1

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object,e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt",FileMode.Append,FileAccess.Write)
        Dim s As String = "This is my data block"
        Dim btArray As Byte()

        btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s) 
        fs.Write(btArray,1,3)
        fs.Close()
    End Sub
End Class
注:对于一个文件流可以用CanWrite来判断是否可写





三、从文件中读取字节(块)

同样,从文件流FileStream读取字节(块的方法是:ReadByte与Read。

Public Overrides Function Read ( _
	<OutAttribute> array As Byte(),_   '缓冲字节数组
	offset As Integer,_  'array中的字节偏移量,将在此处开始读取字节
	count As Integer _    '最多读取的字节数
) As Integer                  '读入缓冲区中的总字节数。 如果当前的字节数没有所请求那么多,则总字节数可能小于所请求的字节数;若已到达流的末尾则为零。
简单地说:返回值就是读取的数据长度
同Write一样,参数也是描述缓冲字节数组的。最后从数组中就可得到读出的字节


例:从文件中读写:

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text 'Encoding专用于编码转换
Public Class Form1

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object,FileAccess.Write)
        Dim s As String = "This is my data block"
        Dim btArray As Byte()

        btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)
        fs.Write(btArray,s.Length)
        fs.Close()


        fs = New FileStream("D:\11.txt",FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read)
        ReDim btArray(fs.Length)
        fs.Read(btArray,fs.Length) '一次读完(到缓冲数组中)
        TextBox1.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
        fs.Close()
    End Sub
End Class
同样可以用CanRead来判断是否可读

文件流占用一定资源,不用时可用Clos进行释放。

Flush方法将缓冲区中的数据一次清空,且输出到数据流的底层文件。只有在Close没有调用又必须清空时才有意义。





四、文件随机存取

上面Read、Write等例子,是只读向前移动数据流的位置,字节在数据流中读写后,不能再回头进行重写读写。


用Seek方法,可以重设当前数据流的位置(Position),这样可以随心所欲设置位置进行读写操作。

Public Overrides Function Seek ( _
	offset As Long,_          '相对SeekOrigin基准点的偏移量(可为负)
	origin As SeekOrigin _     '基准点
) As Long                          '移动后,流的新位置  

origin基准点为枚举型: Begin 指定流的开头。

Current 指定流内的当前位置。

End 指定流的结尾。


注意:并不是所有文件流都支持Seek,因此,在使用Seek前先判断(下面例子没用CanSeek进行判断)

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Public Class Form1

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object,e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        Dim s As String = "This is what I want to insert text."

        Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt",FileAccess.Write)
        Dim btArray As Byte()
        btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)

        fs.Seek(3,SeekOrigin.Begin) '设置当前流位置
        fs.Write(btArray,btArray.Length) '注意:是此位置覆盖式,非插入式
        fs.Close()

        fs = New FileStream("D:\11.txt",fs.Length)
        TextBox1.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
        fs.Close()
    End Sub
End Class



文件是:123456,经写入后(从位置3)后面的456消失(被覆盖)






五、文件锁定

几个程序同时对一个文件进行读或写时,就会造成无法预料的冲突或异常。

为了避免这种情况,可实行锁定操作。Lock与UnLock,就是锁定与解除锁定。

Public Overridable Sub Lock ( position As Long,length As Long )
Public Overridable Sub Unlock ( position As Long,length As Long )

下面用线程来代替不同程序操作同一个文件
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading
Public Class Form1

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object,e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        Dim read1 As Thread
        read1 = New Thread(AddressOf readone)
        Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False
        read1.Start()
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button2_Click(sender As Object,e As EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
        Dim read2 As Thread
        read2 = New Thread(AddressOf readtwo)
        Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False
        read2.Start()
    End Sub

    Private Sub readone()
        Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt",FileAccess.Read)
        Dim bt As Int32
        Dim i As Int32 = 0

        fs.Lock(0,fs.Length)
        bt = fs.ReadByte()
        While bt <> -1
            bt = fs.ReadByte
            Thread.Sleep(500)
            i += 1
            TextBox1.Text = i.ToString
        End While
        TextBox1.Text = "over"
        fs.Unlock(0,fs.Length)

        fs.Close()
    End Sub

    Private Sub readtwo()
        Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt",FileAccess.Read)
        Dim bt As Int32
        Dim btArray As Byte()
        Dim i As Int32 = 0

        ReDim btArray(fs.Length - 1)
        Try
            bt = fs.ReadByte
            Do
                btArray(i) = bt
                bt = fs.ReadByte
                i += 1
                Thread.Sleep(100)
            Loop Until bt = -1
        Catch ex As Exception
            TextBox2.Text = ex.Message
        End Try
        TextBox2.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
        fs.Close()
    End Sub
End Class


上面程序1进行读写(加入延时,以便利用这个时间来操作程序2)时,程序2再次操作锁定区域,将发生异常。

这样有效保证了程序的正常读写。

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