一、XML序列化
序列化的目的:就是为了存储或传输。
通俗地说:序列化就是把一个完整的东西,拆成(精简)成一堆小的东西。
反序列化就是把一堆小东西,又复原成原来的东西。
下例,把一个实例对象序列化,拆成一个XML。
XML序列化要用到System.Xml.Serialization名称空间中的类和接口。
要把对象序列化到文档或流中时,可以使用Xmlserializer类。
注意下面定义时,VS出错时,可以用:
Dim myserializer As New Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(GetType(FilmOrder))
Imports System.Xml.Serialization '用于将对象序列化为 XML 格式文档或流的类 Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim serialize As XmlSerializer = New XmlSerializer(GetType(FilmOrder)) '指定序列化类型 Dim myfileorder As FilmOrder = New FilmOrder("Grease",101,10) '指定类型的一个实例 serialize.Serialize(Console.Out,myfileorder) '把实例序列化到流上(console.Out) Console.WriteLine() '显示序列化的结果 Console.Read() End Sub End Module Public Class FilmOrder Public Name As String Public FileId As Integer Public Quantity As Integer Public Sub New() End Sub Public Sub New(ByVal name As String,ByVal fileid As Integer,ByVal quantity As Integer) Me.Name = name Me.FileId = fileid Me.Quantity = quantity End Sub End Class运行,可以看到实例就变成了XML(注意黄框部分)
注意: 1、最后序列化生成的XML文档,其根节点与类名相同,都是FilmOrder
2、类的每个数据成员都是XML元素。如:Name,FileId,Quantity。
3、节点后的是架构,描述文档数据。
上面只是序列化到标准流中,还要序列化到指定的Stream,TextWriter或XmlWriter中。
二、XML的反序列化
与序列化相对应的是反序列化。
前面是把对象序列化成一个XML文档。反序列化就是把XML文档来生成对象。
先准备一个XML文档:Filmorama.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <FilmOrderList xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <FilmOrders> <FilmOrder> <Name>Grease</Name> <FilmId>101</FilmId> <Quantity>10</Quantity> </FilmOrder> <FilmOrder> <Name>Lawrence of Arabia</Name> <FilmId>102</FilmId> <Quantity>10</Quantity> </FilmOrder> <FilmOrder> <Name>Star Wars</Name> <FilmId>103</FilmId> <Quantity>10</Quantity> </FilmOrder> </FilmOrders> </FilmOrderList>
这个文档可以在解决方案中添加项,来把文档加入其中,把属性设置成如果较新则复制
由于上面FilmOrder是多个,因此,我们再设计一个类,来组装FilmOrderList,实际就是前面的类的数组形式。
Imports System.Xml Imports System.Xml.Serialization Imports System.IO Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim dehydrated As New FileStream("Filmorama.xml",FileMode.Open) Dim serialize As New XmlSerializer(GetType(FilmOrderList)) '类型应明确 Dim myfileorder As New FilmOrderList myfileorder = serialize.Deserialize(dehydrated) Dim singleorder As FilmOrder For Each singleorder In myfileorder.FilmOrders Console.Out.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2}",singleorder.Name,singleorder.FilmId,singleorder.Quantity) Next Console.Read() End Sub End Module Public Class FilmOrder Public Name As String Public FilmId As Integer Public Quantity As Integer Public Sub New() End Sub Public Sub New(ByVal name As String,ByVal filmid As Integer,ByVal quantity As Integer) Me.Name = name Me.FilmId = filmid Me.Quantity = quantity End Sub End Class Public Class FilmOrderList Public FilmOrders() As FilmOrder Public Sub New() End Sub Public Sub New(ByVal orders() As FilmOrder) Me.FilmOrders = orders End Sub End Class
如果我们生成的XML包含属性(Attibute)时,什么办?
可以用<XMLAttribute("XXX")> 来指明对象中的数据为属性。
如果我们生成 的XML元素,要更改对象中的数据名怎么办?
可以用<XMLElement("XXX")> 来指明对应的数据名更名为XXX
Imports System.Xml Imports System.Xml.Serialization Imports System.IO Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim serializer As New XmlSerializer(GetType(FilmOrder)) Dim fi As New FilmOrder("OK",100,100) serializer.Serialize(Console.Out,fi) Console.Out.WriteLine() Console.Read() End Sub End Module Public Class FilmOrder <XmlElement("Title")> Public Name As String '序列化生成XML时,Name元素将变成Title元素 <XmlElement("Id")> Public FilmId As Integer <XmlElement("Qty")> Public Quantity As Integer Public Sub New() End Sub Public Sub New(ByVal name As String,ByVal quantity As Integer) Me.Name = name Me.FilmId = filmid Me.Quantity = quantity End Sub End Class
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <MovieOrderDump> <FilmOrderList> <multiFilmOrders> <FilmOrder filmId="101"> <name>Grease</name> <quantity>10</quantity> </FilmOrder> <FilmOrder filmId="102"> <name>Lawrence of Arabia</name> <quantity>10</quantity> </FilmOrder> <FilmOrder filmId="103"> <name>Star Wars</name> <quantity>10</quantity> </FilmOrder> </multiFilmOrders> </FilmOrderList> <PreOrder> <FilmOrder filmId="104"> <name>Shrek III - Shrek Becomes a Programmer</name> <quantity>10</quantity> </FilmOrder> </PreOrder> <Returns> <FilmOrder filmId="103"> <name>Star Wars</name> <quantity>2</quantity> </FilmOrder> </Returns> </MovieOrderDump>
'遍历读整个XML Imports System.Xml Imports System.Xml.Serialization Imports System.IO Public Class Form1 Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object,e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Dim myXmlSettings As New XmlReaderSettings Using readMoveInfo As XmlReader = XmlReader.Create("D:\2.xml",myXmlSettings) While readMoveInfo.Read() '读节点 ShowXmlNode(readMoveInfo) While readMoveInfo.MoveToNextAttribute '逐个读该节点中的属性 ShowXmlNode(readMoveInfo) End While End While End Using End Sub Private Sub ShowXmlNode(ByVal reader As XmlReader) '显示 If reader.Depth > 0 Then For depthCount As Integer = 0 To reader.Depth '按节点深度增加缩进 TextBox1.AppendText(" ") Next End If If reader.NodeType = XmlNodeType.Whitespace Then TextBox1.AppendText("Type:" & reader.NodeType.ToString & vbCrLf) ElseIf reader.NodeType = XmlNodeType.Text Then TextBox1.AppendText("Type:" & reader.NodeType.ToString & " Value:" & reader.Value & vbCrLf) Else TextBox1.AppendText("Name:" & reader.Name & " Type:" & reader.NodeType.ToString & " AttibuteCount:" & reader.AttributeCount & " Value:" & reader.Value & vbCrLf) End If End Sub End Class
Dim myXmlSettings As New XmlReaderSettings myXmlSettings.IgnoreComments = True '忽略注释 myXmlSettings.IgnoreWhitespace = True '忽略空白(因空白也会当作节点)
Private Sub Button2_Click(sender As Object,e As EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click '对已知XML遍历 Dim myXmlSettings As New XmlReaderSettings() '读取功能(方式)设置 Dim movieName As String Dim movieId As String Dim quantity As String Using readMovieInfo As XmlReader = XmlReader.Create("D:\2.xml",myXmlSettings) '创建仅向前、非缓存的读取器实例 readMovieInfo.Read() '当第一次创建和初始化 XmlReader 时,没有可用的信息。 必须调用 Read 读取第一个节点 readMovieInfo.ReadStartElement("MovieOrderDump") '检查当前节点是否为元素,并将读取器推进到下一个节点 Do While (True) readMovieInfo.ReadStartElement("FilmOrderList") '检查当前内容节点是否为具有给定 Name 的元素并将读取器推进到下一个节点 readMovieInfo.ReadStartElement("multiFilmOrders") Do While (True) readMovieInfo.MoveToContent() '检查当前节点是否是内容节点。否,则向前跳至下一个内容节点或文件结尾。 movieId = readMovieInfo.GetAttribute("filmId") readMovieInfo.ReadStartElement("FilmOrder") movieName = readMovieInfo.ReadElementString quantity = readMovieInfo.ReadElementString() readMovieInfo.ReadEndElement() '读取结束标志</FilmOrder> TextBox1.AppendText(movieId & " " & movieName & " " & quantity & vbCrLf) readMovieInfo.Read() '下个FilmOrder节点 If (readMovieInfo.Name <> "FilmOrder") Then '否则退出 Exit Do End If Loop readMovieInfo.ReadEndElement() '读结束标志</multiFilmOrders>,并进入下一个节点 readMovieInfo.ReadEndElement() '读结束标志</FilmOrderList>,并进入下一个节点 readMovieInfo.Read() '下个FilmOrderList节点 If readMovieInfo.Name <> "FilmOrderList" Then '不是则退出 Exit Do End If Loop readMovieInfo.ReadStartElement() '</MovieOrderDump> End Using End Sub
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