注：本文适合python2.7 opencv2.4.x,之前学习其他DL框架时安装过CUDA的情况

一、安装必要的依赖库

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libboost-all-dev hdf5-tools libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler gfortran libjpeg62 libfreeimage-dev
libatlas-base-dev git python-dev python-pip libgoogle-glog-dev libbz2-dev libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev libgflags-dev liblmdb-dev python-yaml

cd ~
git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git
cd caffe
cat python/requirements.txt | xargs -L 1 sudo pip install

sudo ln -s /usr/include/python2.7/ /usr/local/include/python2.7  
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ /usr/local/include/python2.7/numpy  

生成文件：cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

将标签为“INCLUDE_DIRS”和“LIBRARY_DIRS”修改如下：

INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial

特别提醒：将WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1 前面的#去掉，有些程序（比如fast-rcnn）会在proto里面写入type: "Python"，去掉这行的注释才能正常运行

五、编译caffe

make pycaffe  
make all  
make test
make runtest

六、将PYTHONPATH写入.bashrc中

echo 'export PYTHONPATH=/home/<USER>/caffe/python' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

七、在eclipse中使用

将路径/home/<user>/caffe/python加入pydev插件中的python系统路径

附录：

http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/

http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/tutorial/

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/22129880

http://installing-caffe-the-right-way.wikidot.com/start

https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/wiki/Ubuntu-16.04-or-15.10-Installation-Guide