Android与linux的关系可以参考这篇博文：

http://blog.csdn.net/u013752202/article/details/53648823

安卓手机可以安装例如：Terminal，SSHDroid等工具。

使用ssh登陆android手机需要注意配置端口：

# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details

# What ports,IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 1234
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0

Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes

# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024

# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin without-password
StrictModes yes

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile	%h/.ssh/authorized_keys

# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes

# To enable empty passwords,change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no

# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication yes

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes

# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes

X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no

#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net

# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*

Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication,account processing,# and session processing. If this is enabled,PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication,then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes

----配置完成后，重启sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

然后就可以用ssh登陆手机：

exbot@relay-Aspire-4741:~$ ssh -p 1234 localhost
The authenticity of host '[localhost]:1234 ([127.0.0.1]:1234)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 15:82:ed:f2:0d:52:21:b8:b6:c7:2e:9a:d4:91:a8:0f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[localhost]:1234' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
exbot@localhost's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-75-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2019.
Last login: Sun Jan 22 13:14:50 2017
exbot@relay-Aspire-4741:~$ exit
logout
Connection to localhost closed.
exbot@relay-Aspire-4741:~$ ssh -p 1234 192.168.1.101
The authenticity of host '[192.168.1.101]:1234 ([192.168.1.101]:1234)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is b5:9b:9b:5a:c3:1a:cc:e7:c5:10:aa:33:38:21:67:c9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.1.101]:1234' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
SSHDroid
Use 'root' as username
Default password is 'admin'
exbot@192.168.1.101's password: 
u0_a102@hwALE-H:/data/data/berserker.android.apps.sshdroid/home $ ls
u0_a102@hwALE-H:/data/data/berserker.android.apps.sshdroid/home $ cd ..
u0_a102@hwALE-H:/data/data/berserker.android.apps.sshdroid $ ls
app_webview   code_cache    dropbear      home          shared_prefs
cache         databases     files         lib
u0_a102@hwALE-H:/data/data/berserker.android.apps.sshdroid $