环境
OS : ubuntu 14.04.5 desktop ( x64 )
Graphics : NVIDIA 1080ti 单卡
主板无视频接口 (VGA DVI HDMI)
1 准备
1> 下载 NVIDIA driver
http://www.geforce.com/drivers
手动搜索，最后一项选择recommended，下载的文件是 .run
2> 下载 CUDA
https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads
选择runfile (local)
文件很大，下载好之后记得验证checksum，以免出错。Linux 可以用md5sum，win请google搜索fciv
3> 下载 cudnn
https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn
目前需要登录之后才能下载，如果下载v6.0的时候出现了403，请fan&qiang之后再尝试。
2 检查硬件连接情况
lspci | grep VGA
如果连接正常，会看到 NVIDIA Corporation 字样
3 install NVIDIA Graphics Driver
nvidia-uninstall #卸载driver
apt remove --purge nvidia*
卸载所有和nvidia相关的包
如果有 nouveau ，则需要关掉，或者卸载
设置开机启动到console界面，编辑 /etc/default/grub
保留以下内容，并update-grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash text"
GRUB_TERMINAL=console
reboot后进入console
lightdm stop #停止light
chmod +x /path/to/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.run
/path/to/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.run #安装
中间有提示nvidia xconfig，因为它会备份系统本身的配置，卸载这个driver的时候会给你恢复，所以给它自己配置
装完之后检查下
root@caffe-1080ti:/home/cnn# nvidia-smi
Fri Jul 7 10:28:16 2017 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 381.22 Driver Version: 381.22 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 GeForce GTX 108... Off | 0000:02:00.0 Off | N/A |
| 0% 39C P0 55W / 250W | 0MiB / 11172MiB | 2% Default | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| No running processes found | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Name 已经显示出型号了， nvidia-smi -q 可以看到更多的细节。driver安装完毕
4 安装CUDA
执行前面下载的很大的那个run文件
首先会显示很长的license，按 q ，然后输入accept
1 Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64
填 n
如果安装了这个driver，而不是按照上面3的单独的driver 安装文件，那么执行 nvidia-smi 和 nvidia-smi -q 就会显示下面的内容，意思就是没识别出显卡
nvidia-smi +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 375.26 Driver Version: 375.26 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 ERR! Off | 0000:02:00.0 Off | N/A |
| 0% 38C P0 54W / 250W | 0MiB / 11171MiB | 3% Default | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| No running processes found | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
nvidia-smi -q
Product Name : Unknown Error
2 Do you want to install the OpenGL libraries?
填 n
3 Do you want to run nvidia-xconfig?
填 y，提示里面说了会给你恢复，不要虚
4 Install the CUDA 8.0 Toolkit?
Enter Toolkit Location [ default is /usr/local/cuda-8.0 ]: 'Do you want to install a symbolic link at /usr/local/cuda?
如果你装过了，也没有卸载，就不用再装了。这个link 环境变量需要用到，填y
5 Install the CUDA 8.0 Samples?
Enter CUDA Samples Location
sample 可以用来检测CUDA 是否正确地被安装了。
装完之后，提示修改 PATH 和 LD_LIBRARY_PATH
Driver: Installed
Toolkit: Installed in /usr/local/cuda-8.0
Samples: Installed in /home/cnn/CUDA-samples,but missing recommended libraries
Please make sure that - PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin - LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64,or,add /usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit,run the uninstall script in /usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin To uninstall the NVIDIA Driver,run nvidia-uninstall Please see CUDA_Installation_Guide_Linux.pdf in /usr/local/cuda-8.0/doc/pdf for detailed information on setting up CUDA. Logfile is /tmp/cuda_install_2602.log
直接修改 /etc/profile 对所有用户生效。文件尾增加以下内容，并 source生效
PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
添加链接参数
echo "/usr/local/cuda/lib64" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf
ldconfig
5 安装cuDNN
参考
https://developer.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/cudnn/secure/v6/prod/Doc/cudnn_install-txt
分别安装
Runtime Lib 和 Dev Lib
参考
Ubuntu-安装-cuda7.0-单显卡-超详细教程
ubuntu 14.04 如何安装nvidia显卡驱动 [转载]
