一、删除旧版本

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

二、更新系统内核和重启系统

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install \
    linux-image-extra-$(uname -r) \
    linux-image-extra-virtual
sudo reboot

三、运行https下载，添加官方GPG key

sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    software-properties-common
 curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

四检查GPG key

sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

五、更新系统源和查看docker安装版本

sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ $(lsb_release -cs) \ stable"
sudo apt-get update
apt-cache madison docker-ce

六、选择对应版本安装

sudo apt-get install docker-ce=17.06.0~ce-0~ubuntu

七、当前用户增加执行docker权限

sudo usermod -a -G docker <username>

八、修改docker存储路径

sudo service docker stop
sudo cp -p -R /var/lib/docker /data/lib/docker
sudo su
cat << EOF > /etc/default/docker 
DOCKER_OPTS=" --registry-mirror=http://xxx.m.daocloud.io -g /data/lib/docker"
EOF
sudo service docker start

九、参考

• https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#install-using-the-convenience-script
• https://forums.docker.com/t/how-do-i-change-the-docker-image-installation-directory/1169