ubuntu初始配置

记录装机后关于网络，root用户的使用，修改源，ssh免密登录，时区设置，docker安装等多个配置。（方便以后使用，免得到网上找多个教程还不适用）

• server版本默认安装了vim，桌面版可以使用gedit做编辑器。也可以之后安装vim

apt-get install -y vim

• 配置以太口：
  先用命令 ifconfig 查到网卡
  再根据实际网络修改 /etc/network/interfaces 下配置
  然后重启网卡：/etc/init.d/networking restart

• 修改源sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list 为阿里或者其他国内的

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

• 启用root用户
  sudo passwd root (设置root用户密码)

• 配置可选择用户登录
  编辑 /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-unity-greeter.conf
  添加下面代码：

user-session=ubuntu
greeter-show-manual-login=true
all-guest=false

• 重启reboot，然后选择root用户登录，方便操作。

• 安装ssh服务

apt-get install -y openssh-server

• 配置ssh可以使用root用户
  /etc/ssh/sshd_config 下找到PermitRootLogin 一行。
  改为：PermitRootLogin yes

• ssh免密登录服务器note2
  两台服务器都先生成自己的秘钥：ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
  将note1的公钥复制到note2中：scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@note2:~/
  把刚复制的id_rsa.pub加入note2 （不存在authorized_keys则创建）：
  cat ~/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
  修改权限：chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
  重启服务：service ssh restart

• 配置时区
  dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
  选择Asia -> 再选择Shanghai -> OK

• docker 安装

apt-get update
apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates
apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 36A1D7869245C8950F966E92D8576A8BA88D21E9
bash -c "echo deb https://get.docker.io/ubuntu docker main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list"
apt-get install docker.io -y