Ubuntu服务器的性能很慢

我有一个定制的Ubuntu 11.04服务器,带有6个磁盘软件RAID 10主驱动器.在它上面,我主要运行Postgresql和一些其他从Web传输数据的实用程序.经常在几小时的正常运行时间后,我发现服务器开始落后于所有类型的进程.例如,登录后可能需要10-15秒才能获得 shell 提示符.顶部可能需要5-10秒才能出现.一个ls可能需要一两秒钟.

当我看顶部时,几乎没有cpu使用率. Postgresql服务器使用了相当多的内存,但还不足以流入swap.

我不知道从哪里开始,除了怀疑RAID10(我之前只有过软件RAID 1).

编辑：从顶部输出：

top - 11:56:03 up  1:46,3 users,load average: 0.89,0.73,0.72
Tasks: 119 total,1 running,118 sleeping,0 stopped,0 zombie
cpu(s):  0.2%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,93.5%id,6.2%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Mem:  16325596k total,3478248k used,12847348k free,20880k buffers
Swap: 19534176k total,0k used,19534176k free,3041992k cached

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %cpu %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                                                   
 1747 woodsp    20   0  109m  10m 4888 S    1  0.1   0:42.70 python                                                    
  357 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.40 jbd2/sda3-8                                               
    1 root      20   0 24324 2284 1344 S    0  0.0   0:00.84 init                                                      
    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd                                                  
    3 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.24 ksoftirqd/0                                               
    6 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                               
    7 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/0                                                
    8 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/1                                               
   10 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.02 ksoftirqd/1                                               
   12 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/1                                                
   13 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/2                                               
   14 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/2:0                                               
   15 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 ksoftirqd/2                                               
   16 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/2                                                
   17 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/3                                               
   18 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/3:0                                               
   19 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.02 ksoftirqd/3                                               
   20 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.01 watchdog/3                                                
   21 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 cpuset                                                    
   22 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 khelper                                                   
   23 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                 
   24 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                     
   26 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 sync_supers

df -h

rpsharp@ncp-skookum:~$df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3       1.8T  549G  1.2T  32% /
udev            7.8G  4.0K  7.8G   1% /dev
tmpfs           3.2G  492K  3.2G   1% /run
none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none            7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /run/shm
/dev/sda2       952M  128K  952M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/md0        5.5T  562G  4.7T  11% /usr/local

免费-m

psharp@ncp-skookum:~$free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         15942       3409      12533          0         20       2983
-/+ buffers/cache:        405      15537
Swap:        19076          0      19076

tail -50 / var / log / syslog

Jul  3 06:31:32 ncp-skookum rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="1070" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed
Jul  3 06:39:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14211]: (root) CMD (  [ -x /usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/PHP5 ] && find /var/lib/PHP5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete)
Jul  3 06:40:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14223]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp)
Jul  3 07:00:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14328]: (woodsp) CMD (/home/woodsp/bin/mail_tweetupdate  # email an update)
Jul  3 07:00:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14327]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp)
Jul  3 07:00:28 ncp-skookum sendmail[14356]: q63E0SoZ014356: from=woodsp,size=2328,class=0,nrcpts=2,msgid=<201207031400.q63E0SoZ014356@ncp-skookum.Stanford.EDU>,relay=woodsp@localhost
Jul  3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sm-mta[14357]: q63E0Si6014357: from=<woodsp@ncp-skookum.Stanford.EDU>,size=2569,proto=ESMTP,daemon=MTA-v4,relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jul  3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sendmail[14356]: q63E0SoZ014356: to=Spencer Wood <woodsp@stanford.edu>,Martin Lacayo <mlacayo@stanford.edu>,ctladdr=woodsp (1004/1005),delay=00:00:01,xdelay=00:00:01,mailer=relay,pri=62328,relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1],dsn=2.0.0,stat=Sent (q63E0Si6014357 Message accepted for delivery)
Jul  3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sm-mta[14359]: STARTTLS=client,relay=mx3.stanford.edu.,version=TLSv1/SSLv3,verify=FAIL,cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA,bits=256/256
Jul  3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sm-mta[14359]: q63E0Si6014357: to=<mlacayo@stanford.edu>,<woodsp@stanford.edu>,ctladdr=<woodsp@ncp-skookum.Stanford.EDU> (1004/1005),xdelay=00:00:00,mailer=esmtp,pri=152569,relay=mx3.stanford.edu. [171.67.219.73],stat=Sent (Ok: queued as 8F3505802AC)
Jul  3 07:09:08 ncp-skookum CRON[14396]: (root) CMD (  [ -x /usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/PHP5 ] && find /var/lib/PHP5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete)
Jul  3 07:17:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14438]: (root) CMD (   cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jul  3 07:20:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14453]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp)
Jul  3 07:39:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14551]: (root) CMD (  [ -x /usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/PHP5 ] && find /var/lib/PHP5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete)
Jul  3 07:40:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14562]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp)
Jul  3 08:00:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14668]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp)
Jul  3 08:09:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14724]: (root) CMD (  [ -x /usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/PHP5 ] && find /var/lib/PHP5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete)
Jul  3 08:17:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14766]: (root) CMD (   cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jul  3 08:20:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14781]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp)
Jul  3 08:39:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14881]: (root) CMD (  [ -x /usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/PHP5 ] && find /var/lib/PHP5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/PHP5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete)
Jul  3 08:40:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14892]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp)

输出hdparm -t / dev / sd {a,b,c,d,e,f}这看起来很可疑？

/dev/sda:
 Timing buffered disk reads:   2 MB in  4.84 seconds = 423.39 kB/sec

/dev/sdb:
 Timing buffered disk reads: 420 MB in  3.01 seconds = 139.74 MB/sec

/dev/sdc:
 Timing buffered disk reads: 390 MB in  3.00 seconds = 129.87 MB/sec

/dev/sdd:
 Timing buffered disk reads: 416 MB in  3.00 seconds = 138.51 MB/sec

/dev/sde:
 Timing buffered disk reads: 422 MB in  3.00 seconds = 140.50 MB/sec

/dev/sdf:
 Timing buffered disk reads: 416 MB in  3.01 seconds = 138.26 MB/sec

您实际上正在使用将磁盘暴露给Linux内核的物理存储控制器(无论您是否使用其内置RAID功能)和软件RAID.您不能排除存储控制器支持不佳的可能性.使用hdparm -t / dev / sd {a,f}的输出来诊断问题(此命令将需要一段时间).

由于您在/ dev / sda上看到一些过度缓慢,我怀疑磁盘故障或控制器故障.仔细检查您的存储控制器是否得到良好支持,并尝试尽快更换/ dev / sda.

Ubuntu服务器的性能很慢

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