我试图围绕如何使用GCD来并行化和加速蒙特卡罗模拟.大部分/全部简单示例都是针对Objective C提供的,我真的需要一个Swift的简单示例,因为Swift是我的第一个“真正的”编程语言.
Swift中蒙特卡罗模拟的最小工作版本将是这样的:
import Foundation import Cocoa var winner = 0 var j = 0 var i = 0 var chance = 0 var points = 0 for j=1;j<1000001;++j{ var ability = 500 var player1points = 0 for i=1;i<1000;++i{ chance = Int(arc4random_uniform(1001)) if chance<(ability-points) {++points} else{points = points - 1} } if points > 0{++winner} } println(winner)
代码可以直接粘贴到xcode 6.1中的命令行程序项目中
最内层的循环不能并行化,因为变量“points”的新值在下一个循环中使用.但最外面的只是运行最里面的模拟1000000次并计算结果,应该是并行化的理想候选者.
所以我的问题是如何使用GCD并行化最外层的for循环?
可以使用dispatch_apply()完成“多线程迭代”:
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/swift/320190.htmllet outerCount = 100 // # of concurrent block iterations let innerCount = 10000 // # of iterations within each block let the_queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,0); dispatch_apply(UInt(outerCount),the_queue) { outerIdx -> Void in for innerIdx in 1 ... innerCount { // ... } }
(你必须弄清楚外部和内部计数之间的最佳关系.)
有两件事需要注意:
> arc4random()使用内部互斥锁,这使得它在调用时非常慢
从几个并行的线程,见Performance of concurrent code using dispatch_group_async is MUCH slower than single-threaded version.从那里给出的答案,
rand_r()(每个线程都有单独的种子)似乎是更快的选择.
>不得同时从多个线程修改结果变量获胜者.
您可以使用数组,而不是每个线程更新其自己的元素和结果
之后加入.在https://stackoverflow.com/a/26790019/1187415中描述了线程安全的方法.
然后它大致如下:
let outerCount = 100 // # of concurrent block iterations let innerCount = 10000 // # of iterations within each block let the_queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,0); var winners = [Int](count: outerCount,repeatedValue: 0) winners.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer { winnersPtr -> Void in dispatch_apply(UInt(outerCount),the_queue) { outerIdx -> Void in var seed = arc4random() // seed for rand_r() in this "thread" for innerIdx in 1 ... innerCount { var points = 0 var ability = 500 for i in 1 ... 1000 { let chance = Int(rand_r(&seed) % 1001) if chance < (ability-points) { ++points } else {points = points - 1} } if points > 0 { winnersPtr[Int(outerIdx)] += 1 } } } } // Add results: let winner = reduce(winners,+) println(winner)