结构定义 |
CREATE TABLE |
创建新表。 语法:
sql-command::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE table-name ( column-def [,column-def]* [,constraint]* ) |
sql-command::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE [database-name.] table-name AS select-statement |
column-def::= |
name [type] [[CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint]* |
type::= |
typename | typename ( number ) | typename ( number,number ) |
column-constraint::= |
NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ] | PRIMARY KEY [sort-order] [ conflict-clause ] | UNIQUE [ conflict-clause ] | CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] | DEFAULT value | COLLATE collation-name |
constraint::= |
PRIMARY KEY ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] | UNIQUE ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] | CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |
conflict-clause::= |
ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm |
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CREATE VIEW |
创建一个视图(虚拟表),该表以另一种方式表示一个或多个表中的数据。 语法:
sql-command::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW [database-name.] view-name AS select-statement |
例子: CREATE VIEW master_view AS SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='view'; 说明: 创建一个名为master_view的视图,其中包括sqlite_master这个表中的所有视图表。 |
CREATE TRIGGER |
创建触发器,触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,在用户试图对指定的表执行指定的数据修改语句时自动执行。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ] database-event ON [database-name .] table-name trigger-action |
sql-statement::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF database-event ON [database-name .] view-name trigger-action |
database-event::= |
DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE | UPDATE OF column-list |
trigger-action::= |
[ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN expression ] BEGIN trigger-step ; [ trigger-step ; ]* END |
trigger-step::= |
update-statement | insert-statement | delete-statement | select-statement |
例子: CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers BEGIN UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name; END; 说明: 创建了一个名为update_customer_address的触发器,当用户更新customers表中的address字段时,将触发并更新orders表中的address字段为新的值。 比如执行如下一条语句: UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones'; 数据库将自动执行如下语句: UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones'; |
CREATE INDEX |
为给定表或视图创建索引。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index-name ON [database-name .] table-name ( column-name [,column-name]* ) [ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm ] |
column-name::= |
name [ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ] |
例子: CREATE INDEXidx_email ON customers (email); 说明: 为customers表中的email创建一个名为idx_email的字段。 |
结构删除 |
DROP TABLE |
删除表定义及该表的所有索引。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DROP TABLE [database-name.] table-name |
例子: DROP TABLE customers; |
DROP VIEW |
删除一个视图。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DROP VIEW view-name |
例子: DROP VIEW master_view; |
DROP TRIGGER |
删除一个触发器。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
DROP TRIGGER [database-name .] trigger-name |
例子: DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address; |
DROP INDEX |
删除一个索引。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DROP INDEX [database-name .] index-name |
例子: DROP INDEX idx_email; |
数据操作 |
INSERT |
将新行插入到表。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] VALUES(value-list) | INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] select-statement |
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UPDATE |
更新表中的现有数据。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
UPDATE [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name SET assignment [,assignment]* [WHERE expr] |
assignment::= |
column-name = expr |
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DELETE |
从表中删除行。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
DELETE FROM [database-name .] table-name [WHERE expr] |
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SELECT |
从表中检索数据。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] result [FROM table-list] [WHERE expr] [GROUP BY expr-list] [HAVING expr] [compound-op select]* [ORDER BY sort-expr-list] [LIMIT integer [( OFFSET |,) integer]] |
result::= |
result-column [,result-column]* |
result-column::= |
* | table-name . * | expr [ [AS] string ] |
table-list::= |
table [join-op table join-args]* |
table::= |
table-name [AS alias] | ( select ) [AS alias] |
join-op::= |
,| [NATURAL] [LEFT | RIGHT | FULL] [OUTER | INNER | CROSS] JOIN |
join-args::= |
[ON expr] [USING ( id-list )] |
sort-expr-list::= |
expr [sort-order] [,expr [sort-order]]* |
sort-order::= |
[ COLLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ] |
compound_op::= |
UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT |
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REPLACE |
类似INSERT 语法:
sql-statement::= |
REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] VALUES ( value-list ) | REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] select-statement |
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事务处理 |
BEGIN TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的起始点。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
BEGIN [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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END TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的终止。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
END [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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COMMIT TRANSACTION |
标志一个事务的结束。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
COMMIT [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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ROLLBACK TRANSACTION |
将事务回滚到事务的起点。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
ROLLBACK [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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其他操作 |
COPY |
主要用于导入大量的数据。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
COPY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name FROM filename [ USING DELIMITERS delim ] |
例子: COPYcustomers FROM customers.csv; |
EXPLAIN |
语法:
sql-statement::= |
EXPLAIN sql-statement |
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PRAGMA |
语法:
sql-statement::= |
PRAGMA name [= value] | PRAGMA function(arg) |
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VACUUM |
语法:
sql-statement::= |
VACUUM [index-or-table-name] |
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ATTACH DATABASE |
附加一个数据库到当前的数据库连接。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
ATTACH [DATABASE] database-filename AS database-name |
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DETTACH DATABASE |
从当前的数据库分离一个使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的数据库。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DETACH [DATABASE] database-name |
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