最后在sqlite官网（http://www.sqlite.org/fileformat2.html）发现了这个说明
其中-wal的文件意思是write-ahead log,顾名思义就是保存的一个日志。。。3.7的sqlite之后开始这个功能，当一个数据库采用WAL模式，所有连接数据的操作都必须使用WAL，然后在在数据库文件夹下生成一个后缀为-wal的文件保存操作日志，我打开看了之后发现里面内容更象一份数据库的备份文件，大小比数据库有时还大；
4.0 The Write-Ahead Log
Beginning withversion 3.7.0,sqlite supports a new transaction control mechanism called "write-ahead log" or "WAL". When a database is in WAL mode,all connections to that database must use the WAL. A particular database will use either a rollback journal or a WAL,but not both at the same time. The WAL is always located in the same directory as the database file and has the same name as the database file but with the string "-wal" appended.
这个-shm说的是一个共享内存的问题，有兴趣的可以看下，基本上这两个文件不会对数据库产生任何影响！
4.5 WAL-Index Format
Conceptually,the wal-index is shared memory,though the current VFS implementations use a mmapped file for the wal-index. The mmapped file is in the same directory as the database and has the same name as the database with a "-shm" suffix appended. Because the wal-index is shared memory,sqlite does not supportjournal_mode=WALon a network filesystem when clients are on different machines. All users of the database must be able to share the same memory.
The purpose of the wal-index is to answer this question quickly:
Given a page number P and a maximum WAL frame index M,return the largest WAL frame index for page P that does not exceed M,or return NULL if there are no frames for page P that do not exceed M.
TheMvalue in the prevIoUs paragraph is the "mxFrame" value defined insection 4.4that is read at the start of a transaction and which defines the maximum frame from the WAL that the reader will use.
The wal-index is transient. After a crash,the wal-index is reconstructed from the original WAL file. The VFS is required to either truncate or zero the header of the wal-index when the last connection to it closes. Because the wal-index is transient,it can use an architecture-specific format; it does not have to be cross-platform. Hence,unlike the database and WAL file formats which store all values as big endian,the wal-index stores multi-byte values in the native byte order of the host computer.
This document is concerned with the persistent state of the database file,and since the wal-index is a transient structure,no further information about the format of the wal-index will be provided here. Complete details on the format of the wal-index are contained within comments in sqlite source code.
