SQLite学习笔记(2)-SQLite语法

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sqlite 语法

sqlite 是遵循一套独特的称为语法的规则和准则。本教程列出了所有基本的 sqlite 语法,向您提供了一个 sqlite 快速入门。

大小写敏感性
有个重要的点值得注意,sqlite 是不区分大小写的,但也有一些命令是大小写敏感的,比如 GLOB 和 glob 在 sqlite 的语句中有不同的含义。

注释
sqlite 注释是附加的注释,可以在 sqlite 代码添加注释以增加其可读性,他们可以出现在任何空白处,包括在表达式内和其他 sql 语句的中间,但它们不能嵌套。

sql 注释以两个连续的 “-” 字符(ASCII 0x2d)开始,并扩展至下一个换行符(ASCII 0x0a)或直到输入结束,以先到者为准。

您也可以使用 C 风格的注释,以 “/” 开始,并扩展至下一个 “/” 字符对或直到输入结束,以先到者为准。sqlite的注释可以跨越多行。

sqlite>.help -- This is a single line comment

sqlite 语句
所有的 sqlite 语句可以以任何关键字开始,如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等,所有的语句以分号(;)结束。

sqlite ANALYZE 语句:

ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

sqlite AND/OR 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

sqlite ALTER TABLE 语句:

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

sqlite ALTER TABLE 语句(Rename):

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

sqlite ATTACH DATABASE 语句:

ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

sqlite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句:

BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

sqlite BETWEEN 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

sqlite COMMIT 语句:

COMMIT;

sqlite CREATE INDEX 语句:

CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

sqlite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句:

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name ( column1,column2,...columnN);

sqlite CREATE TABLE 语句:

CREATE TABLE table_name( column1 datatype,column2 datatype,column3 datatype,..... columnN datatype,PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns ) );

sqlite CREATE TRIGGER 语句:

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW BEGIN stmt1; 
   stmt2;
   ....
END;

sqlite CREATE VIEW 语句:

CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS SELECT statement....;

sqlite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句:

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

sqlite COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句:

COMMIT;

sqlite COUNT 子句:

SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION;

sqlite DELETE 语句:

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE {CONDITION};

sqlite DETACH DATABASE 语句:

DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

sqlite DISTINCT 子句:

SELECT DISTINCT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name;

sqlite DROP INDEX 语句:

DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

sqlite DROP TABLE 语句:

DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

sqlite DROP VIEW 语句:

DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;

sqlite DROP TRIGGER 语句:

DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;

sqlite EXISTS 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name );

sqlite EXPLAIN 语句:

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or 
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

sqlite GLOB 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

sqlite GROUP BY 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION GROUP BY column_name;

sqlite HAVING 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION GROUP BY column_name HAVING (arithematic function condition);

sqlite INSERT INTO 语句:

INSERT INTO table_name( column1,column2....columnN) VALUES ( value1,value2....valueN);

sqlite IN 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name IN (val-1,val-2,...val-N);

sqlite Like 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

sqlite NOT IN 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name NOT IN (val-1,...val-N);

sqlite ORDER BY 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

sqlite PRAGMA 语句:

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

sqlite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句:

RELEASE savepoint_name;

sqlite REINDEX 语句:

REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;

sqlite ROLLBACK 语句:

ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

sqlite SAVEPOINT 语句:

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

sqlite SELECT 语句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name;

sqlite UPDATE 语句:

UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1,column2 = value2....columnN=valueN [ WHERE CONDITION ];

sqlite VACUUM 语句:

VACUUM;

sqlite WHERE 子句:

SELECT column1,column2....columnN FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION;

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