部署Spring应用程序时出现以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：属性’transactionManager’是必需的

我在用：
操作系统：OSX Mountain Lion
IDE：Springsource Tools Suite 3.1.0
春天：3.1.2
Hibernate：4.1.7
Java：1.6
webserver：vFabric tomcat v2.7

我有一些丢失的配置吗？我的pom.xml中的库是错误的吗？

部署日志：

Nov 3,2012 2:32:12 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext loadOnStartup
SEVERE: Servlet /basicServer threw load() exception
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Property 'transactionManager' is required
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.afterPropertiesSet(TransactionAspectSupport.java:195)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1514)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1452)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:519)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory$1.getObject(Abstractbeanfactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.doGetBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.getBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:292)
    at org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8779d852.transactionInterceptor(beanfactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1015)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:911)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:485)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory$1.getObject(Abstractbeanfactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.doGetBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.getBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.beanfactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper.findAdvisorBeans(beanfactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper.java:86)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.findCandidateAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:100)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.findEligibleAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:86)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:68)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.wrapIfNecessary(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:359)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:322)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:407)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1461)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:519)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory$1.getObject(Abstractbeanfactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.doGetBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.getBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:353)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1015)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:911)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:485)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory$1.getObject(Abstractbeanfactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.doGetBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.getBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListablebeanfactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListablebeanfactory.java:848)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListablebeanfactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListablebeanfactory.java:748)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListablebeanfactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListablebeanfactory.java:707)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1106)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:517)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory$1.getObject(Abstractbeanfactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.doGetBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.getBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:353)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1015)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:911)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:485)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory$1.getObject(Abstractbeanfactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.doGetBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.getBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.beanfactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper.findAdvisorBeans(beanfactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper.java:86)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.findCandidateAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:100)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.findEligibleAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:86)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:68)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.wrapIfNecessary(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:359)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:322)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:407)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1461)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:519)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory$1.getObject(Abstractbeanfactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.doGetBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.getBean(Abstractbeanfactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.registerBeanPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:740)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:449)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:631)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:588)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:645)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:508)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:449)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:133)
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:160)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1266)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1185)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1080)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5027)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5314)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:618)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:650)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1582)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:439)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:680)
Nov 3,2012 2:32:12 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /Users/bruce/springsource/vfabric-tc-server-developer-2.7.2.RELEASE/base-instance/webapps/manager
Nov 3,2012 2:32:12 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /Users/bruce/springsource/vfabric-tc-server-developer-2.7.2.RELEASE/base-instance/webapps/ROOT
Nov 3,2012 2:32:13 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Nov 3,2012 2:32:13 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 8754 ms

我的配置文件(ServicesConfiguration.java AppConfig.java)
ServicesConfiguration.java：

package com.bsches.basicServer.config;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cache.Cache;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCache;
import org.springframework.cache.support.SimpleCacheManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;

import com.bsches.basicServer.services.CustomerService;

import entities.Customer;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
@EnableWebMvc
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ServicesConfiguration {

    @Value("${jdbc.driverClassName}")
    private String driverClassName;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    @Value("${hibernate.dialect}")
    private String hibernateDialect;
    @Value("${hibernate.show_sql}")
    private String hibernateShowsql;
    @Value("${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}")
    private String hibernateHbm2ddlAuto;

    @Bean
    public CustomerService customerService() throws Exception {
        return new CustomerService(this.sessionFactory());
    }

    @Bean
    public SessionFactory sessionFactory() throws Exception {
        Properties props = new Properties();

        Mapsql");
        p.put(org.hibernate.cfg.Environment.DIALECT,hibernateDialect);
        p.put(org.hibernate.cfg.Environment.SHOW_sql,hibernateShowsql);
        Map

package com.bsches.basicServer.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

@Import({ServicesConfiguration.class})
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public static PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer getPropertyPlaceholderConfigurer()
    {
        PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer ppc = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
        ppc.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("application.properties"));
        ppc.setIgnoreUnresolvablePlaceholders(true);
        return ppc;
    }

}