我有以下目录结构/配置文件：

src/main/resource/config: 
application.yml 
application-dev.yml 
application-sit.yml

注意根据“Bootiful Configuration”https://spring.io/blog/2015/01/13/configuring-it-all-out-or-12-factor-app-style-configuration-with-spring：

Spring Boot will read the
properties in src/main/resources/application.properties by default. If
a profile is active,it will also automatically reads in the
configuration files based on the profile name,like
src/main/resources/application-foo.properties where foo is the current
profile. If the Snake YML library is on the classpath,then it will
also automatically load YML files.

因为如果我将–spring.profiles.active = dev设置为一个,那么蛇YML jar就在类路径中
程序arg在eclipse运行配置中并使用它作为我的主要方法永远按预期工作

  public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(Application.class);

        SimpleCommandLinePropertySource source = new SimpleCommandLinePropertySource(args);

        // Check if the selected profile has been set as argument.
        // if not the development profile will be added
        addDefaultProfile(app,source);

        app.run(args);
    }

    /**
     * Set a default profile if it has not been set
     */
    private static void addDefaultProfile(SpringApplication app,SimpleCommandLinePropertySource source) {
        if (!source.containsProperty("spring.profiles.active")) {
            app.setAdditionalProfiles(Constants.SPRING_PROFILE_DEVELOPMENT);
        }
    }

(请注意,上面的主要方法参考来自我的代码中使用的以下类：https://github.com/jarias/generator-jhipster-ember/blob/master/app/templates/src/main/java/package/_Application.java)

一切都按照预期的方式运行spring.profile.active = dev.这意味着两者：
application.yml(默认加载)和application-dev.yml(活动配置文件)属性文件被加载并排除application-sit.yml,因为sit不是活动配置文件.

这个嵌入式容器非常适合开发测试.但是,我希望通过生成战争并将其部署到独立的Tomcat8服务器来将其发布到生产环境中.

为此,我创建了WebApplicationInitializer的实现,Tomcat8服务器需要该实现在独立服务器上自动检测,引导和启动spring应用程序.

@Configuration
public class WebAppInit implements WebApplicationInitializer {


    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Application.class);
        }
}

部署战争后,我收到以下错误,我尝试启动独立服务器并收到以下错误：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.enter code
hereBeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private
java.lang.String com.titleFeed.config.db.DbConfigJPA.databaseUrl;
nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not
resolve placeholder spring.data.postgres.uri’ in string value
“${spring.data.postgres.uri}”

这意味着Tomcat Server / Spring没有加载application-dev.yml,因为它包含属性：spring.data.postgres.uri

所以我尝试了以下两种解决方案

>在tomcat / bin / catalina.sh中添加-Dspring.profiles.active = dev到JAVA_OPTS
>将spring.profiles.active = dev添加到tomcat / conf / catalina.properties

他们都没有工作.如何让独立的tomcat服务器加载与spring.profiles.active属性关联的yml文件.

它适用于从eclipse启动的嵌入式springboot服务器,但不适用于独立服务器？

EDIT1：M.Deinum – 在下面实现了您建议的解决方案,但仍然出现以下错误：

引起：java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：无法在字符串值“${spring.data.postgres.uri}中解析占位符’spring.data.postgres.uri’

似乎-Dspring.profiles.active = dev没有得到设置.

@Configuration
public class WebAppInit extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

 @Override

    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
            ServletContext servletContext) {
           log.info("Properly INITALIZE spring CONTEXT");
           ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Application.class);
           servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,context);
           return super.createRootApplicationContext(servletContext);
    }

}

编辑2 ACV： – 在启动脚本中添加“–spring.profiles.active = dev”作为JAVA_OPTS变量的一部分：tomcat / bin / catalina.sh不是一个可行的选项

例如：

 JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS --spring.profiles.active=dev ...etc

给出以下错误：

Unrecognized option: –spring.profiles.active=dev Error: Could not
create the Java Virtual Machine.”

编辑3：
修改后的application.yml包含以下属性

spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev

重新部署战争.去了爆炸的tomcat目录位置以确保属性存在webapps / Feedserver / WEB-INF / classes / config / application.yml

问题仍然存在.

编辑4：在tomcat展开的webdir下添加了application.properties：webapps / Feedserver / WEB-INF / classes / application.properties：

spring.profiles.active=dev
spring.data.postgres.uri=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/Feedserver

重新启动tomcat并且问题仍然存在.

它似乎没有拿起application.properties或application.yml

编辑5使用推荐的方法启动外部容器的spring boot服务器：

@Configuration
public class WebAppInit extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

 @Override
 protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
     return application.sources(Application.class);
 }

}

编辑6：

我将-Dspring.profiles.active = dev添加到了start命令args：

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_25.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Dlog4j.rootLevel=ERROR -Dlog4j.rootAppender=console -DENV=dev -Dlog4j.configuration=/WEB-INF/classes/properties/log4j.properties -DTOMCAT_DIR=WEB-INF/classes/ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat/endorsed -classpath /Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap -Dspring.profiles.active=dev start

但是我在日志中得到以下异常：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private java.lang.String com.titleFeed.config.db.DbConfigJPA.databaseUrl; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'spring.data.postgres.uri' in string value "${spring.data.postgres.uri}"
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:561)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:331)
    ... 68 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'spring.data.postgres.uri' in string value "${spring.data.postgres.uri}"
    at org.springframework.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper.parseStringValue(PropertyPlaceholderHelper.java:174)
    at org.springframework.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper.replacePlaceholders(PropertyPlaceholderHelper.java:126)
    at org.springframework.core.env.AbstractPropertyResolver.doResolvePlaceholders(AbstractPropertyResolver.java:204)
    at org.springframework.core.env.AbstractPropertyResolver.resolverequiredPlaceholders(AbstractPropertyResolver.java:178)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer$2.resolveStringValue(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer.java:175)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstractbeanfactory.resolveEmbeddedValue(Abstractbeanfactory.java:801)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListablebeanfactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListablebeanfactory.java:955)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListablebeanfactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListablebeanfactory.java:942)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:533)
    ... 70 more

02-Sep-2015 03:15:40.472 SEVERE [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Error deploying web application archive /Users/shivamsinha/Desktop/Programming/tomcat/webapps/Feedserver-1.0.0.war
 java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/Feedserver-1.0.0]]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:728)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:701)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:714)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:917)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1701)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)