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Python中对时间日期的处理方法简单汇总

2019-01-31 Python 前端之家

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<div class="art_desc mt10">
<div id="art_demo">这篇文章主要介绍了Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总,本文讲解了获取当前datetime、获取当天date、获取明天/前N天、获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)、获取两个datetime的时间差、获取本周/本月/上月最后一天等实用方法,需要的朋友可以参考下

原则,以datetime为中心,起点或中转,转化为目标对象,涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理

步骤:

1. 掌握几种对象及其关系 2. 了解每类对象的基本操作方法 3. 通过转化关系转化涉及对象

1. datetime

import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
now
datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,9,946118)
type(now)
<type 'datetime.datetime'>

2. timestamp

import time
time.time()
1421075455.568243

3. time tuple

import time
time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_mon=1,tm_mday=12,tm_hour=23,tm_min=10,tm_sec=30,tm_wday=0,tm_yday=12,tm_isdst=0)

4. string

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'

5. date

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015,12)

datetime基本操作

1. 获取当前datetime

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015,26,24,475680)

2. 获取当天date

datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015,12)

3. 获取明天/前N天

明天

datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
datetime.date(2015,13)

三天前

datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015,38,55,492226)
datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)
datetime.datetime(2015,57,59363)

4. 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)

datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.min)
datetime.datetime(2015,0)
datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.max)
datetime.datetime(2015,59,999999)

5. 获取两个datetime的时间差

(datetime.datetime(2015,13,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()
44747.768075

6. 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天

本周

today = datetime.date.today()
today
datetime.date(2015,12)
sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())
sunday
datetime.date(2015,18)

本月

代码代码如下:

import calendar
today = datetime.date.today()
_,last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year,today.month)
last_day = datetime.date(today.year,today.month,last_day_num)
last_day
datetime.date(2015,31)

获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)

代码如下:

import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
first = datetime.date(day=1,month=today.month,year=today.year)
lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

关系转换

几个关系之间的转化

Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple

关系转换例子

datetime <=> string

datetime -> string

代码如下:

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'

string -> datetime

代码如下:

import datetime
datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
datetime.datetime(2014,31,18,20,10)

datetime <=> timetuple

datetime -> timetuple

代码如下:

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().timetuple()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_min=17,tm_sec=59,tm_isdst=-1)

timetuple -> datetime

代码如下:

timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看后面datetime<=>timestamp]

datetime <=> date

datetime -> date

代码如下:

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015,12)

date -> datetime

代码如下:

datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015,12)
today = datetime.date.today()
datetime.datetime.combine(today,datetime.time())
datetime.datetime(2015,0)
datetime.datetime.combine(today,0)

datetime <=> timestamp

datetime -> timestamp

代码如下: