算法中，初始种子可自动选择（通过不同的划分可以得到不同的种子，可按照自己需要改进算法），图分别为原图（自己画了两笔为了分割成不同区域）、灰度图直方图、初始种子图、区域生长结果图。

另外，不管时初始种子选择还是区域生长，阈值选择很重要。

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#初始种子选择
def originalSeed(gray,th):
 ret,thresh = cv2.cv2.threshold(gray,th,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)#二值图，种子区域(不同划分可获得不同种子)
 kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE,(3,3))#3×3结构元

 thresh_copy = thresh.copy() #复制thresh_A到thresh_copy
 thresh_B = np.zeros(gray.shape,np.uint8) #thresh_B大小与A相同，像素值为0

 seeds = [ ] #为了记录种子坐标

 #循环，直到thresh_copy中的像素值全部为0
 while thresh_copy.any():

  Xa_copy,Ya_copy = np.where(thresh_copy > 0) #thresh_A_copy中值为255的像素的坐标
  thresh_B[Xa_copy[0],Ya_copy[0]] = 255 #选取第一个点，并将thresh_B中对应像素值改为255

  #连通分量算法，先对thresh_B进行膨胀，再和thresh执行and操作（取交集）
  for i in range(200):
   dilation_B = cv2.dilate(thresh_B,kernel,iterations=1)
   thresh_B = cv2.bitwise_and(thresh,dilation_B)

  #取thresh_B值为255的像素坐标，并将thresh_copy中对应坐标像素值变为0
  Xb,Yb = np.where(thresh_B > 0)
  thresh_copy[Xb,Yb] = 0

  #循环，在thresh_B中只有一个像素点时停止
  while str(thresh_B.tolist()).count("255") > 1:
   thresh_B = cv2.erode(thresh_B,iterations=1) #腐蚀操作

  X_seed,Y_seed = np.where(thresh_B > 0) #取处种子坐标
  if X_seed.size > 0 and Y_seed.size > 0:
   seeds.append((X_seed[0],Y_seed[0]))#将种子坐标写入seeds
  thresh_B[Xb,Yb] = 0 #将thresh_B像素值置零
 return seeds

#区域生长
def regionGrow(gray,seeds,thresh,p):
 seedMark = np.zeros(gray.shape)
 #八邻域
 if p == 8:
  connection = [(-1,-1),(-1,0),1),(0,(1,-1)]
 elif p == 4:
  connection = [(-1,-1)]

 #seeds内无元素时候生长停止
 while len(seeds) != 0:
  #栈顶元素出栈
  pt = seeds.pop(0)
  for i in range(p):
   tmpX = pt[0] + connection[i][0]
   tmpY = pt[1] + connection[i][1]

   #检测边界点
   if tmpX < 0 or tmpY < 0 or tmpX >= gray.shape[0] or tmpY >= gray.shape[1]:
    continue

   if abs(int(gray[tmpX,tmpY]) - int(gray[pt])) < thresh and seedMark[tmpX,tmpY] == 0:
    seedMark[tmpX,tmpY] = 255
    seeds.append((tmpX,tmpY))
 return seedMark

path = "_rg.jpg"
img = cv2.imread(path)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
#hist = cv2.calcHist([gray],[0],None,[256],[0,256])#直方图

seeds = originalSeed(gray,th=253)
seedMark = regionGrow(gray,thresh=3,p=8)

#plt.plot(hist)
#plt.xlim([0,256])
#plt.show()
cv2.imshow("seedMark",seedMark)
cv2.waitKey(0)

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