最近在使用python做接口测试,发现python中http请求方法有许多种,今天抽点时间把相关内容整理,分享给大家,具体内容如下所示:
一、python自带库----urllib2
python自带库urllib2使用的比较多,简单使用如下:
import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:8080/jenkins/api/json?pretty=true')
print response.read()
简单的get请求
import urllib2
import urllib
post_data = urllib.urlencode({})
response = urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:8080/,post_data)
print response.read()
print response.getheaders()
这就是最简单的urllib2发送post例子。代码比较多
二、python自带库--httplib
httplib是一个相对底层的http请求模块,urlib就是基于httplib封装的。简单使用如下:
# @param Python中http请求方法库汇总
# @author 编程之家 jb51.cc|jb51.cc
import httplib
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
conn.request("GET","/index.html")
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print r1.status,r1.reason
data1 = r1.read()
conn.request("GET","/parrot.spam")
r2 = conn.getresponse()
data2 = r2.read()
conn.close()
# End www.jb51.cc
简单的get请求
我们再来看post请求
# @param Python中http请求方法库汇总
# @author 编程之家 jb51.cc|jb51.cc
import httplib,urllib
params = urllib.urlencode({'@number': 12524,'@type': 'issue','@action': 'show'})
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Accept": "text/plain"}
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("bugs.python.org")
conn.request("POST","",params,headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
data = response.read()
print data
conn.close()
# End www.jb51.cc
是不是觉得太复杂了。每次写还得再翻文档,看看第三种吧
三、第三方库--requests
发请get请求超级简单:
print requests.get('http://localhost:8080).text
# End www.jb51.cc
就一句话,再来看看post请求
# @param Python中http请求方法库汇总
# @author 编程之家 jb51.cc|jb51.cc
payload = {'key1': 'value1','key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=payload)
print r.text
# End www.jb51.cc
也很简单。
再看看如果要认证:
# @param Python中http请求方法库汇总
# @author 编程之家 jb51.cc|jb51.cc
url = 'http://localhost:8080'
r = requests.post(url,data={},auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin','admin'))
print r.status_code
print r.headers
print r.reason
# End www.jb51.cc
是不是比urllib2更简单多了吧,且requests自带json解析。这点非常棒
python中的http请求
# @param Python中http请求方法库汇总
# @author 编程之家 jb51.cc|jb51.cc
import urllib
params = urllib.urlencode({key:value,key:value})
resultHtml = urllib.urlopen('[API or 网址]',params)
result = resultHtml.read()
print result
# End www.jb51.cc