这些类型在官方的定义是:
Name | Storage Size | Description | Low Value | High Value | Resolution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
timestamp [ (p) ] [ without time zone ] | 8 bytes | both date and time (no time zone) | 4713 BC | 294276 AD | 1 microsecond / 14 digits |
timestamp [ (p) ] with time zone | 8 bytes | both date and time,with time zone | 4713 BC | 294276 AD | 1 microsecond / 14 digits |
date | 4 bytes | date (no time of day) | 4713 BC | 5874897 AD | 1 day |
time [ (p) ] [ without time zone ] | 8 bytes | time of day (no date) | 00:00:00 | 24:00:00 | 1 microsecond / 14 digits |
time [ (p) ] with time zone | 12 bytes | times of day only,with time zone | 00:00:00+1459 | 24:00:00-1459 | 1 microsecond / 14 digits |
interval [fields] [ (p) ] | 12 bytes | time interval | -178000000 years | 178000000 years | 1 microsecond / 14 digits |
with和without time zone两者有什么区别,名字上看一个是带时区的,另一个是不带时区的,时区的基准是格林威治时间。这对于数据的存储上来说,区别就是时间数据的末尾带不带时区标志,即+/-时区,比如中国(prc),时区是东八区,带时区标志的话就是+08。
示例:
1.查看测试机服务端时区
[postgres@localhost ~]$ more /database/pgdata/postgresql.conf |grep timezone log_timezone = 'US/Pacific' timezone = 'US/Pacific' #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone # share/timezonesets/.2.客户端查看
postgres=# show timezone; TimeZone ------------ US/Pacific (1 row) postgres=# select now()::timestamp with time zone,now()::timestamp without time zone; now | now -------------------------------+---------------------------- 2013-07-04 02:32:59.073604-07 | 2013-07-04 02:32:59.073604 (1 row) --更改客户端时区并查看时间 postgres=# set timezone to 'prc'; SET postgres=# show timezone; TimeZone ---------- PRC (1 row) postgres=# select now()::timestamp with time zone,now()::timestamp without time zone; now | now -------------------------------+---------------------------- 2013-07-04 17:33:18.872205+08 | 2013-07-04 17:33:18.872205 (1 row) --美国西7区与中国东八区相差15个小时,在例子中也能体现(17-2=15h)3.客户端时区的更改说明
在服务端有一些时区的配置信息,安装的时候就给装上了,客户端时区的更改并不能随意,如不能设置不存在的时区,比如我可以设置PRC,asia/shanghai,但不能设置PPP,asia/beijing等,这些配置信息是放在$PGHOME/share/timezone里面,模板可以参考shared/timezonesets/。
4.其他 如果取当前时间数据时,没有特别标注不要时区,那select出来的结果一般是带时区的,比如select now()即等同于select now()::timestamp with time zone 。客户端取当前时间默认是取服务端,个人习惯,通常建表字段时都是without time zone居多