语法
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } default_expr ] [,...] ] ) [ RETURNS rettype | RETURNS TABLE ( column_name column_type [,...] ) ] { LANGUAGE lang_name | WINDOW | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE | [ NOT ] LEAKPROOF | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER | COST execution_cost | ROWS result_rows | SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT } | AS 'definition' | AS 'obj_file','link_symbol' } ... [ WITH ( attribute [,...] ) ]
注:中括号[]表示可选,有没有都行;大括号{ | }表示必选且只能选一个,选项用|分隔;省略号...表示重复前面的项;小括号()跟前面三个不一样,这个就是函数后面的括号。
其中:
name 为函数名,可以带上schema进行限定;
argmode 为参数模式,in out inout或@H_502_11@VARIADIC;argname就是参数名字;argtype是参数类型。值得注意的是,argmode和argname都是可以省略的,argmod省略后默认是IN,argname省略后用$1,$2去获取;
@H_502_11@rettype 返回值类型,这个跟out作用相似,两者在使用的时候会有一定冲突,需要注意;
@H_502_11@language lang_name 包括sql、plpgsql等,不同的语言决定了函数体的写法;
@H_502_11@另外,在些函数体开始和结束的时候一般会看到$ $符号,所有被$ $包起来的字符串都是常量字符串,其中的任何字符都不需要转义,包括$本身,另外$符号中间还可以加tag,如$body$,这个tag的目的是为了识别字符串常量的开始和结束,这样也方便进行常量字符串的嵌套。
例子
CREATE FUNCTION dup(in int,out f1 int,out f2 text) AS $$ SELECT $1,CAST($1 AS text) || ' is text' $$ LANGUAGE sql; SELECT * FROM dup(42);
注:||是字符串连接符
CREATE FUNCTION check_password(uname TEXT,pass TEXT) RETURNS BOOLEAN AS $$ DECLARE passed BOOLEAN; BEGIN SELECT (pwd = $2) INTO passed FROM pwds WHERE username = $1; RETURN passed; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER -- Set a secure search_path: trusted schema(s),then 'pg_temp'. SET search_path = admin,pg_temp;
注:
1、plpsql的函数体的基本结构是declare --声明表量(不声明不能用)-- begin --函数体-- end
2、需要有return
create or replace function demo(IN startDate date,IN endDate date) returns setof date as $body$ declare days int; d int; wd workdays%rowtype; begin select (endDate - startDate) into days; for d in 0..days loop execute 'insert into workdays select ('''||startDate||'''::date+'||d||')'; end loop; for wd in select * from workdays loop return next wd; end loop; end $body$ language plpgsql; select * from demo('20141220','20141225');
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION insert_new_item() RETURNS trigger AS $BODY$ declare maxorder int; count int; begin select count(1) from demo into count; if(count = 0) then NEW.torder := 0; else select max(torder) from demo into maxorder; NEW.torder := maxorder + 1; end if; return NEW; end $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE COST 100; ALTER FUNCTION insert_new_item() OWNER TO postgres;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_func() RETURNS TABLE(lid character varying,mid character varying) AS $BODY$ begin return query select layerid,mapid from map_layers; end; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE COST 100 ROWS 1000; ALTER FUNCTION test_func() OWNER TO postgres;
参考
PostgreSQL 9.3.5 Documentation:CREATE FUNCTION
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/postgresql/195481.html