Install PostgreSql 10 to Fedora 27

Postgre SQL 前端之家
前端之家收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了Install PostgreSql 10 to Fedora 27，前端之家小编觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。

国庆之后，云栖大会杭州分会上相关专家做了一个关于Postgresql的专题分享，其中提到了Postgresql 10的一些新特性，个人感觉倍受鼓舞，接下来希望分别针对Ubuntu 16.04LTS和Fedora27上如何安装并配置Postgresql 10做一个简要介绍。这篇博客主要针对Fedora 27做简要介绍。

1、安装

大家进入Postgresql官网下载页面，选择
数据版本postgreql10，Linux 发行套件Fedora 27，然后选择64位，即x86_64，这个时候就会出现相关的安装脚本。

1.1 、添加软件源

lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/fedora/fedora-27-x86_64/pgdg-fedora10-10-3.noarch.rpm
Last Metadata expiration check: 7:30:40 ago on Tue 02 Jan 2018 10:32:40 AM CST.
pgdg-fedora10-10-3.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                 6.9 kB/s | 8.8 kB     00:01    
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                       Arch                                                   Version                                              Repository                                                    Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 pgdg-fedora10                                                 noarch                                                 10-3                                                 @commandline                                                 8.8 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 8.8 k
Installed size: 3.2 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : pgdg-fedora10-10-3.noarch 1/1 
  Verifying        : pgdg-fedora10-10-3.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                            1/1 

Installed:
  pgdg-fedora10.noarch 10-3                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Complete!

1.2、安装服务器与客户端

lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo dnf install postgresql10-server postgresql10
Postgresql 10 27 - x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                      76 kB/s | 164 kB     00:02    
Last Metadata expiration check: 0:00:00 ago on Tue 02 Jan 2018 06:03:33 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                          Arch                                                Version                                                      Repository                                            Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 postgresql10                                                     x86_64                                              10.1-1PGDG.f27                                               pgdg10                                               1.5 M
 postgresql10-server                                              x86_64                                              10.1-1PGDG.f27                                               pgdg10                                               4.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 libicu                                                           x86_64                                              57.1-9.fc27                                                  updates                                              8.4 M
 postgresql10-libs                                                x86_64                                              10.1-1PGDG.f27                                               pgdg10                                               354 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  4 Packages

Total download size: 15 M
Installed size: 54 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): postgresql10-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 203 kB/s | 1.5 MB     00:07    
(2/4): libicu-57.1-9.fc27.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                          3.8 MB/s | 8.4 MB     00:02    
(3/4): postgresql10-libs-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                             36 kB/s | 354 kB     00:09    
(4/4): postgresql10-server-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                          138 kB/s | 4.4 MB     00:32    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                                                         460 kB/s |  15 MB     00:32     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1/1 
  Installing       : libicu-57.1-9.fc27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                            1/4 
  Running scriptlet: libicu-57.1-9.fc27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                            1/4 
  Installing       : postgresql10-libs-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              2/4 
  Running scriptlet: postgresql10-libs-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              2/4 
  Installing       : postgresql10-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                   3/4 
  Running scriptlet: postgresql10-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                   3/4 
  Running scriptlet: postgresql10-server-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            4/4 
  Installing       : postgresql10-server-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            4/4 
  Running scriptlet: postgresql10-server-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            4/4 
  Verifying        : postgresql10-server-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            1/4 
  Verifying        : postgresql10-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                   2/4 
  Verifying        : postgresql10-libs-10.1-1PGDG.f27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              3/4 
  Verifying        : libicu-57.1-9.fc27.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                            4/4 

Installed:
  postgresql10.x86_64 10.1-1PGDG.f27                        postgresql10-server.x86_64 10.1-1PGDG.f27                        libicu.x86_64 57.1-9.fc27                        postgresql10-libs.x86_64 10.1-1PGDG.f27                       

Complete!

这里要说的是dnf和yum是类似的，在性能上比yum更高效，这也是接下来
redhat旗下相发行套件的主流包管理工具。

1.3、初始化

lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl enable postgresql-10.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-10.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service.
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl start postgresql-10.service 
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl status postgresql-10.service 
● postgresql-10.service - Postgresql 10 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-01-02 18:07:03 CST; 12s ago
     Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/
  Process: 4654 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 4659 (postmaster)
    Tasks: 8 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-10.service
           ├─4659 /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/
           ├─4660 postgres: logger process   
           ├─4662 postgres: checkpointer process   
           ├─4663 postgres: writer process   
           ├─4664 postgres: wal writer process   
           ├─4665 postgres: autovacuum launcher process   
           ├─4666 postgres: stats collector process   
           └─4667 postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher   

Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 systemd[1]: Starting Postgresql 10 database server...
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.166 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1",port 5432
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.166 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1",port 5432
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.168 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGsql.5432"
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.170 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGsql.5432"
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.176 CST [4659] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.176 CST [4659] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 systemd[1]: Started Postgresql 10 database server.

1.4、本地访问

postgres@fedora1 ~ $ psql 
psql (10.1)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l
 List of databases
 Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges -----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
 template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
 | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
 | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

postgres=#

2、配置

我们知道通常情况下，需要在主机以外的主机上访问postgresql服务，但是默认情况下，postgresql仅仅只提供本地访问，要让其他主机也可以访问，需要做如下配置。

2.1、开放对非地访问的支持。

fedora旗下发行套件中的postgresql配置文件主要在数据目录，即/var/lib/pgsql/10/data/下

postgres@fedora1 ~ $ psql 
psql (10.1)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

postgres=# \q
postgres@fedora1 ~ $ ll /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/
total 136
drwx------. 20 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:07 .
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 ..
drwx------. 5 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 base
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 30 Jan 2 18:07 current_logfiles
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:08 global
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:07 log
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_commit_ts
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_dynshmem
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4269 Jan 2 18:06 pg_hba.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1636 Jan 2 18:06 pg_ident.conf
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:12 pg_logical
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_multixact
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:07 pg_notify
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_replslot
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_serial
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_snapshots
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_stat
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:21 pg_stat_tmp
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_subtrans
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_tblspc
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_twophase
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 3 Jan 2 18:06 PG_VERSION
drwx------. 3 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_wal
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 2 18:06 pg_xact
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 88 Jan 2 18:06 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 22761 Jan 2 18:06 postgresql.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 58 Jan 2 18:07 postmaster.opts
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 103 Jan 2 18:07 postmaster.pid
postgres@fedora1 ~ $

我们先修改配置postgresql.conf，打开对非主机访问的限制，用vim打开该文件，

59 #listen_addresses = 'localhost'         # what IP address(es) to listen on;

修改为
59 #listen_addresses = ‘*’ # what IP address(es) to listen on;

再用vim打开文件pg_hba.conf，找到82行

82 host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            ident

后面追加

83 host    all             all             192.168.1.0/24          trust

这时，重新启动postgresql数据库。

postgres@fedora1 ~ $ vim /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/postgresql.conf 
postgres@fedora1 ~ $ vim /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/pg_hba.conf 
postgres@fedora1 ~ $ exit
logout
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl start postgresql-10.service 
[sudo] password for lwk: 
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl status postgresql-10.service 
● postgresql-10.service - Postgresql 10 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-01-02 18:07:03 CST; 29min ago
     Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/
  Process: 4654 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 4659 (postmaster)
    Tasks: 8 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-10.service
           ├─4659 /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/
           ├─4660 postgres: logger process   
           ├─4662 postgres: checkpointer process   
           ├─4663 postgres: writer process   
           ├─4664 postgres: wal writer process   
           ├─4665 postgres: autovacuum launcher process   
           ├─4666 postgres: stats collector process   
           └─4667 postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher   

Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 systemd[1]: Starting Postgresql 10 database server...
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.166 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1",port 5432
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.166 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1",port 5432
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.168 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGsql.5432"
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.170 CST [4659] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGsql.5432"
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.176 CST [4659] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 postmaster[4659]: 2018-01-02 18:07:03.176 CST [4659] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Jan 02 18:07:03 fedora1 systemd[1]: Started Postgresql 10 database server.
lwk@fedora1 ~ $

2.1、修改防火墙配置。

修改防火墙配置将将端口号5432添加到防火墙白名单中去。方法很多，这里采用ufw

lwk@fedora1 ~ $ dnf list ufw
Last Metadata expiration check: 0:00:36 ago on Tue 02 Jan 2018 06:41:47 PM CST.
Available Packages
ufw.noarch                                                                                                         0.35-9.fc27                                                                                                          fedora
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo dnf install ufw
Last Metadata expiration check: 0:39:13 ago on Tue 02 Jan 2018 06:03:33 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved. ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package Arch Version Repository Size ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ufw noarch 0.35-9.fc27 fedora 222 k

Transaction Summary ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 222 k
Installed size: 978 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
ufw-0.35-9.fc27.noarch.rpm 99 kB/s | 222 kB 00:02 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                                                          98 kB/s | 222 kB     00:02     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
 Preparing : 1/1 
 Installing : ufw-0.35-9.fc27.noarch 1/1 
 Running scriptlet: ufw-0.35-9.fc27.noarch 1/1 
Running as unit: run-rcf2b3a65bf7d43b78a6d1e515b174178.service
 Verifying : ufw-0.35-9.fc27.noarch 1/1 

Installed:
 ufw.noarch 0.35-9.fc27 

Complete!
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ 
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo ufw status
Status: inactive
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo ufw enable
Command may disrupt existing ssh connections. Proceed with operation (y|n)? y
Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo ufw status
Status: active

To                         Action      From
-- ------      ----
SSH                        ALLOW       Anywhere                  
224.0.0.251 mDNS           ALLOW       Anywhere                  
SSH (v6)                   ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
ff02::fb mDNS              ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             

lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo ufw allow 5432
Rule added
Rule added (v6)
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo ufw default deny
Default incoming policy changed to 'deny'
(be sure to update your rules accordingly)
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl enable ufw.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/ufw.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ufw.service.
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl restart ufw.service 
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo systemctl status ufw.service 
● ufw.service - Uncomplicated firewall
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ufw.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: active (exited) since Tue 2018-01-02 18:47:35 CST; 13s ago
 Docs: man:ufw(8)
 man:ufw-framework(8)
 file://usr/share/doc/ufw/README
 Process: 6171 ExecStart=/usr/libexec/ufw/ufw-init start (code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 6171 (code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)

Jan 02 18:47:34 fedora1 systemd[1]: Starting Uncomplicated firewall...
Jan 02 18:47:35 fedora1 systemd[1]: Started Uncomplicated firewall.
lwk@fedora1 ~ $ sudo ufw status
Status: active

To                         Action      From
-- ------      ----
SSH                        ALLOW       Anywhere                  
224.0.0.251 mDNS           ALLOW       Anywhere                  
5432                       ALLOW       Anywhere                  
SSH (v6)                   ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
ff02::fb mDNS              ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
5432 (v6)                  ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             

lwk@fedora1 ~ $

3、远程主机连接过来

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