我有一个Postgresql函数(或表),它给我以下输出:
Sl.no username Designation salary etc.. 1 A XYZ 10000 ... 2 B RTS 50000 ... 3 C QWE 20000 ... 4 D HGD 34343 ...
现在我想要输出如下:
Sl.no 1 2 3 4 ... Username A B C D ... Designation XYZ RTS QWE HGD ... Salary 10000 50000 20000 34343 ...
怎么办?
以我的答案为基础的表格:
CREATE TABLE tbl ( sl_no int,username text,designation text,salary int );
每行都会返回一个新的列.使用这样的动态返回类型,通过对数据库的单一调用,几乎不可能使其完全动态.演示解决方案有两个步骤:
一般来说,这受到表可以容纳的最大列数限制.所以对于超过1600行(或更少)的表,不是一个选项.细节:
> What is the maximum number of columns in a PostgreSQL select query
Postgres 9.3以上
交叉表()的动态解决方案
>完全动态,适用于任何表.在两个地方提供表名:
SELECT 'SELECT * FROM crosstab( ''SELECT unnest(''' || quote_literal(array_agg(attname)) || '''::text[]) AS col,row_number() OVER (),unnest(ARRAY[' || string_agg(quote_ident(attname) || '::text',',') || ']) AS val FROM ' || attrelid::regclass || ' ORDER BY generate_series(1,' || count(*) || '),2'' ) t (col text,' || (SELECT string_agg('r'|| rn ||' text',') FROM (SELECT row_number() OVER () AS rn FROM tbl) t) || ')' AS sql FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid = 'tbl'::regclass AND attnum > 0 AND NOT attisdropped GROUP BY attrelid;
SELECT * FROM crosstab( 'SELECT unnest(''{sl_no,username,designation,salary}''::text[]) AS col,unnest(ARRAY[sl_no::text,username::text,designation::text,salary::text]) AS val FROM tbl ORDER BY generate_series(1,4),2' ) t (col text,r1 text,r2 text,r3 text,r4 text)
产生所需结果:
col r1 r2 r3 r4 ----------------------------------- sl_no 1 2 3 4 username A B C D designation XYZ RTS QWE HGD salary 10000 50000 20000 34343
简单的解决方案
SELECT 'SELECT unnest(''{sl_no,salary}''::text[] AS col),' || string_agg('unnest(' || quote_literal(ARRAY[sl_no::text,salary::text]) || '::text[]) AS row' || sl_no,E'\n,') AS sql FROM tbl;
对于超过两列的表,缓慢.
SELECT unnest('{sl_no,salary}'::text[]) AS col,unnest('{10,Joe,Music,1234}'::text[]) AS row1,unnest('{11,Bob,Movie,2345}'::text[]) AS row2,unnest('{12,Dave,Theatre,2356}'::text[]) AS row3,unnest('{4,D,HGD,34343}'::text[]) AS row4
相同的结果.
Postgres 9.4
交叉表()的动态解决方案
如果可以,请使用.打败其他人
SELECT 'SELECT * FROM crosstab( $ct$SELECT u.attnum,t.rn,u.val FROM (SELECT row_number() OVER () AS rn,* FROM ' || attrelid::regclass || ') t,') || ']) WITH ORDINALITY u(val,attnum) ORDER BY 1,2$ct$ ) t (attnum bigint,') FROM (SELECT row_number() OVER () AS rn FROM tbl) t) || ')' AS sql FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid = 'tbl'::regclass AND attnum > 0 AND NOT attisdropped GROUP BY attrelid;
使用attnum而不是实际的列名.更简单快捷再次将结果加入pg_attribute或集成列名称,如第9.3节示例.
生成一个表单查询:
SELECT * FROM crosstab( $ct$SELECT u.attnum,* FROM tbl) t,salary::text]) WITH ORDINALITY u(val,r4 text);
这使用了一系列高级功能.太多了解不了
简单的解决方案
一个unnest()
现在可以并行地将多个数组并入不及格.
SELECT 'SELECT * FROM unnest( ''{sl_no,salary}''::text[],' || string_agg(quote_literal(ARRAY[sl_no::text,salary::text]) || '::text[]',') || E') \n AS t(col,' || string_agg('row' || sl_no,') || ')' AS sql FROM tbl;
结果:
SELECT * FROM unnest( '{sl_no,salary}'::text[],'{10,1234}'::text[],'{11,2345}'::text[],'{12,2356}'::text[]) AS t(col,row1,row2,row3,row4)
SQL Fiddle在第9.3节运行.