本文包含了以下两个知识点：
- 静默安装Oracle 19c；
- 通过rman升级数据库。
一、静默安装Oracle 19c
1.1 安装并配置Gird组件
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory oracle.install.option=HA_CONFIG ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin oracle.install.crs.config.scanType=LOCAL_SCAN oracle.install.crs.config.SCANClientDataFile= oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=db-cluster-scan oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=1521 oracle.install.crs.config.ClusterConfiguration=STANDALONE oracle.install.crs.config.configureAsExtendedCluster=false oracle.install.crs.config.memberClusterManifestFile= oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=db-cluster oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false oracle.install.crs.config.autoConfigureClusterNodeVIP=false oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsOption= oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsClientDataFile= oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsSubDomain= oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsVIPAddress= oracle.install.crs.config.sites= oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes= oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList= oracle.install.crs.configureGIMR=false oracle.install.asm.configureGIMRDataDG=false oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption= oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskLocations= oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrLocations= oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcUsername= oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcPassword= oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=abcABC12 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=DATA oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=EXTERNAL oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=4 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.FailureGroups= oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disksWithFailureGroupNames=/dev/sdb,oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/sdb oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.quorumFailureGroupNames= oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/sd* oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=abcABC12 oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.name= oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.redundancy= oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.AUSize=1 oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.FailureGroups= oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.disksWithFailureGroupNames= oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.disks= oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.quorumFailureGroupNames= oracle.install.asm.configureAFD=true oracle.install.crs.configureRHPS=false oracle.install.crs.config.ignoreDownNodes=false oracle.install.config.managementOption=NONE oracle.install.config.omsHost= oracle.install.config.omsPort=0 oracle.install.config.emAdminUser= oracle.install.config.emAdminPassword= oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.sudoPath= oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.sudoUserName= oracle.install.crs.config.batchinfo= oracle.install.crs.app.applicationAddress= oracle.install.crs.deleteNode.nodes=
如果使用AFD新特性，那么在安装之前，必须更改磁盘属主为grid用户，这里使用了两块磁盘：sdb和sdc，更改属主如下：
[[email protected] ~]# chown grid:oinstall /dev/sd{b,c}
使用下面的命令进行安装配置：
[[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [[email protected] grid]$ unzip /u02/software/19c/LINUX.x64_193000_grid_home.zip [[email protected] grid]$ ./gridSetup.sh -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/grid.rsp
响应文件里，默认只创建了一个data磁盘组，如果还需要创建其他的磁盘组，以FRA磁盘组为例，使用下面的命令：
[[email protected] grid]$ asmca -silent -createDiskGroup -diskGroupName FRA -diskList /dev/sdc -redundancy EXTERNAL -au_size 4 -sysAsmPassword abcABC12 --更改资源ora.driver.afd的组为oinstall，默认为asmadmin。 [[email protected] ~]$ crsctl modify resource ora.driver.afd -attr "ACL=‘owner:grid:rwx,pgrp:oinstall:r-x,other::r--,user:grid:r-x‘ " -init [[email protected] ~]$ crsctl stat res ora.driver.afd -p|head -4
1.2 安装database组件
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID= oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=false oracle.install.db.config.PDBName= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=DEFAULT oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=0 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
使用下面的命令开始安装：
[[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [[email protected] db_1]$ unzip /u02/software/19c/LINUX.x64_193000_db_home.zip [[email protected] db_1]$ ./gridSetup.sh -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/db.rsp [[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/root.sh
到此，整个19c的环境搭建完毕。
二、迁移准备工作
注意：新旧环境的数据库实例名必须保持一致。
2.1 创建参数文件
使用18c的spfile创建pfile，并复制到19c的目录。
sql> create pfile=‘/tmp/initcdb.ora‘ from spfile; [[email protected] ~]$ scp /tmp/initcdb.ora db03:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
2.2 拷贝密码文件
将18c的密码参数文件复制到19c的目录。
[[email protected] ~]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwcdb db03:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
2.3 创建adump目录
必须创建19c的adumo文件夹，否则使用pfile初次启动实例会报错。
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb/adump
2.4 备份18c数据库
[[email protected] ~]$ rman target / run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; backup database format ‘/u02/orabak/rhndb_%U‘; sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; backup format ‘/u02/orabak/%d_arch_%s_%p_%h‘ archivelog all delete all input; backup format ‘/u02/orabak/controlfile_%d_%s_%p‘ current controlfile; release channel c1; }
备份后的文件名如下图所示:
三、正式迁移过程
整个过程就是一个异机恢复过程。只不过在恢复完成后，要以upgrade方式打开数据库，完成后续升级操作。
3.1 恢复控制文件
[[email protected] ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun May 5 15:47:32 2019 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982,2019,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> set dbid 2122265785 executing command: SET DBID RMAN> startup nomount; Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 4294965360 bytes Fixed Size 9144432 bytes Variable Size 771751936 bytes Database Buffers 3506438144 bytes Redo Buffers 7630848 bytes RMAN> restore controlfile from ‘/u02/orabak/controlfile_CDB_19_1‘; Starting restore at 05-MAY-2019 15:48:12 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=773 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:00:04 output file name=+DATA/CDB/CONTROLFILE/current.257.1007480897 output file name=+FRA/CDB/CONTROLFILE/current.256.1007480897 Finished restore at 05-MAY-2019 15:48:19 RMAN> alter database mount; released channel: ORA_DISK_1 Statement processed
3.2 创建spfile并注册资源
RMAN> create spfile=‘+data/cdb/spfilecdb.ora‘ from pfile; Statement processed [[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add database -db cdb -oraclehome /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1 -pwfile $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwcdb -spfile ‘+DATA/CDB/spfilecdb.ora‘ -dbname cdb -diskgroup data,fra [[email protected] ~]$ echo ‘SPFILE=‘+DATA/CDB/spfilecdb.ora‘‘ >$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcdb.ora
3.3 恢复整个数据库
--在rman中运行如下命令进行全库恢复
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
restore database;
recover database;
release channel c1;
}
恢复完成后，以upgrade方式打开数据库并向temp表空间添加数据文件：
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs upgrade; RMAN> alter tablespace temp add tempfile ‘+data‘ size 50M autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;
3.4 执行dbupgrade进行升级操作
[[email protected] ~]$ dbupgrade -u sys Argument list for [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catctl.pl] For Oracle internal use only A = 0 Run in c = 0 Do not run in C = 0 Input Directory d = 0 Echo OFF e = 1 Simulate E = 0 Forced cleanup F = 0 Log Id i = 0 Child Process I = 0 Log Dir l = 0 Priority List Name L = 0 Upgrade Mode active M = 0 sql Process Count n = 0 sql PDB Process Count N = 0 Open Mode Normal o = 0 Start Phase p = 0 End Phase P = 0 Reverse Order r = 0 AutoUpgrade Resume R = 0 Script s = 0 Serial Run S = 0 RO User Tablespaces T = 0 Display Phases y = 0 Debug catcon.pm z = 0 Debug catctl.pl Z = 0 catctl.pl VERSION: [19.0.0.0.0] STATUS: [Production] BUILD: [RDBMS_19.3.0.0.0DBRU_LINUX.X64_190417] /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/orahome = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1] /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/bin/orabasehome = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1] catctlGetOraBaseLogDir = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1] Analyzing file /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql Log file directory = [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915] catcon::set_log_file_base_path: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915/catupgrd_catcon_44738.lst] catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915/catupgrd*.log] files for output generated by scripts catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915/catupgrd_*.lst] files for spool files,if any Enter Password: Number of cpus = 4 Database Name = cdb DataBase Version = 18.0.0.0.0 catcon::set_log_file_base_path: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot_catcon_44738.lst] catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot*.log] files for output generated by scripts catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot_*.lst] files for spool files,if any Log file directory = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957] Parallel sql Process Count (PDB) = 2 Parallel sql Process Count (CDB$ROOT) = 4 Concurrent PDB Upgrades = 2 Generated PDB Inclusion:[PDB$SEED RHNDB SPWDB] Components in [CDB$ROOT] Installed [APS CATALOG CATJAVA CATPROC CONTEXT DV JAVAVM OLS ORDIM OWM SDO XDB XML XOQ] Not Installed [APEX EM MGW ODM RAC WK] ...... Grand Total Time: 2468s [SPWDB] LOG FILES: (/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdspwdb*.log) Upgrade Summary Report Located in: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/upg_summary.log Time: 1992s For CDB$ROOT Time: 4505s For PDB(s) Grand Total Time: 6497s LOG FILES: (/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot*.log) Upgrade Summary Report Located in: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/upg_summary.log Grand Total Upgrade Time: [0d:1h:48m:17s]
如果源库中存在多个pdb，那么这个升级过程会比较耗时。升级完成后，可以验证所有的组件以升级到19.0.0.0版本,如下图所示：
col comp_name for a40 set wrap off set pagesize 999 select comp_name,version,status from dba_registry;
