Oracle LogMiner的使用实例代码

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LogMiner介绍

LogMiner是用于Oracle日志挖掘的利器。

百科解释:

LogMiner 是Oracle公司从产品8i以后提供的一个实际非常有用的分析工具,使用该工具可以轻松获得Oracle 重做日志文件(归档日志文件)中的具体内容,LogMiner分析工具实际上是由一组PL/sql包和一些动态视图组成,它作为Oracle数据库的一部分来发布,是oracle公司提供的一个完全免费的工具。

本文主要演示LogMiner的使用,直观展示LogMiner的作用。

环境:Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC

1.查询当前日志组

使用sys用户查询Oracle数据库的当前日志组:

select * from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME


1 1 29 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1547838 25-JUN-17 1547840 25-JUN-17
2 1 30 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1567897 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14 27-JUN-17
3 2 25 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1567902 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
4 2 24 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1567900 27-JUN-17 1567902 27-JUN-17

这里当前日志(current)是:

thread 1 sequence 30

thread 2 sequence 25

2.业务用户插入操作

模拟业务用户jingyu插入T2表数据:

select count(1) from t2;

COUNT(1)

0

sql> insert into t2 select rownum,rownum,dbms_random.string('b',50) from dual connect by level <= 100000 order by dbms_random.random;
commit;

100000 rows created.

SQL>
Commit complete.
sql> select count(1) from t2;

COUNT(1)

100000

3.归档日志切换

为了区分每个日志的不同操作,这里对数据库进行手工归档切换,模拟现实中实际的归档切换。

alter system archive log current;

System altered.

sql> select * from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME


1 1 31 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1572517 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
2 1 30 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1567897 27-JUN-17 1572517 27-JUN-17
3 2 25 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1567902 27-JUN-17 1572521 27-JUN-17
4 2 26 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1572521 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14

4.业务用户插入操作

模拟业务用户jingyu删除T2表部分数据:

SQL> delete from t2 where id < 10000;

9999 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

sql> select count(1) from t2;

COUNT(1)

90001

5.归档日志切换

为了区分每个日志的不同操作,这里对数据库进行手工归档切换,模拟现实中实际的归档切换。

alter system archive log current;

System altered.

sql> select * from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME


1 1 31 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1572517 27-JUN-17 1574293 27-JUN-17
2 1 32 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1574293 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
3 2 27 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1574296 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
4 2 26 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1572521 27-JUN-17 1574296 27-JUN-17

6.业务用户更新操作

模拟业务用户jingyu更新T2表部分数据:

update T2 SET contents = 'xxx' where id > 99998;

2 rows updated.

sql> commit;

Commit complete.

7.归档日志切换

为了区分每个日志的不同操作,这里对数据库进行手工归档切换,模拟现实中实际的归档切换。

alter system archive log current;

System altered.

sql> select * from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME


1 1 33 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1575480 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
2 1 32 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1574293 27-JUN-17 1575480 27-JUN-17
3 2 27 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1574296 27-JUN-17 1575458 27-JUN-17
4 2 28 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1575458 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14

8.确认需要分析的日志

确认之后需要使用LogMiner分析的日志:

sql;"> --8.确认需要分析的日志 thread# 1 sequence# 30 thread# 2 sequence# 25 这部分日志肯定是有记录插入操作

thread# 1 sequence# 31
thread# 2 sequence# 26
这部分日志肯定是有记录删除操作

thread# 1 sequence# 32
thread# 2 sequence# 27
这部分日志肯定是有记录更新操作

9.备份归档日志

将相关的归档都copy备份出来:

sql;"> --9. 将相关的归档都copy备份出来 RUN { allocate channel dev1 device type disk format '/tmp/backup/arc_%h_%e_%t';

backup as copy archivelog sequence 30 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 31 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 32 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 25 thread 2;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 26 thread 2;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 27 thread 2;

release channel dev1;
}

备份出来的归档日志文件如下:

sql;"> [oracle@jyrac1 backup]$ ls -lrth total 17M -rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 2.3M Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_30_947800247 -rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 591K Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_31_947800249 -rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 143K Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_32_947800250 -rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 9.5M Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_25_947800251 -rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 3.6M Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_26_947800253 -rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 77K Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_27_947800254

10.使用LogMiner分析

使用LogMiner分析归档日志:

dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog); end; /

--应该有删除操作的日志
begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_31_947800249');
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_26_947800253');
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
end;
/

--应该有更新操作的日志
begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_32_947800250');
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_27_947800254');
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
end;
/

查询v$logmnr_contents

sql;"> set lines 180 pages 500 col username format a8 col sql_redo format a50 select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where table_name='T2'; select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username='JINGYU';

select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like '%JINGYU%';

select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like 'insert%JINGYU%';
select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like 'delete%JINGYU%';
select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like 'update%JINGYU%';

实验发现,以username为条件无法查询到相关记录,最终确认username都是unknown而不是真正执行语句的业务用户jingyu。

而挖掘出的日志sql_redo这个字段是完整的sql,可以采用like的方式查询,比如我分析更新操作的日志,就可以得到下面这样的结果:

--应该有更新操作的日志 sql> begin 2 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_32_947800250'); 3 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_27_947800254'); 4 dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog); 5 end; 6 /

PL/sql procedure successfully completed.

sql> select count(1) from v$logmnr_contents;

COUNT(1)

388

sql> select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username='JINGYU';

no rows selected

sql> select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like '%JINGYU%';

USERNAME SCN TIMESTAMP


sql_REDO

UNKNOWN 1575420 27-JUN-17
update "JINGYU"."T2" set "CONTENTS" = 'xxx' where "CONTENTS" = 'YSWGNNLCLMYWPSLQ
ETVLGQJRKQIEAMOEYUFNRUQULVFRVPEDRV' and ROWID = 'AAAVWVAAGAAAAHnABj';

UNKNOWN 1575420 27-JUN-17
update "JINGYU"."T2" set "CONTENTS" = 'xxx' where "CONTENTS" = 'WHCWFOZVLJWHFWLJ
DNVSMQTORGJFFXYAdioJZWJCDDOYXAOQJG' and ROWID = 'AAAVWVAAGAAAAOYAAE';

sql>

至此,LogMiner基本的操作实验已完成。

附:与LogMiner有关的一些操作命令参考:

sql;"> conn / as sysdba --安装LOGMINER @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslmd.sql; @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslm.sql; @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslms.sql; @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prvtlm.plb;

--停止logmnr
exec dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr

--查询附加日志开启情况:
select supplemental_log_data_min,supplemental_log_data_pk,supplemental_log_data_ui from v$database;

--开启附加日志
alter database add supplemental log data;

--取消补充日志
alter database drop supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
alter database drop supplemental log data (unique) columns;
alter database drop supplemental log data;

--最后一个即为新的归档
select name,dest_id,thread#,sequence# from v$archived_log;

最后确认如果开启了附加日志,username就可以捕获到正确的值:

set lines 180 sql> /

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME


1 1 35 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1590589 27-JUN-17 1591935 27-JUN-17
2 1 36 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1591935 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
3 2 29 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1590594 27-JUN-17 1591938 27-JUN-17
4 2 30 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1591938 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14

1,36
2,30
sql> update t2 set contents =
2 'aaa' where id = 44449;

1 row updated.

sql> commit;

Commit complete.

RUN {
allocate channel dev1 device type disk format '/tmp/backup/arc%h%e_%t';

backup as copy archivelog sequence 36 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 30 thread 2;

release channel dev1;
}

begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_36_947808116');
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_30_947808118');
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
end;
/

sql> select username,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username='JINGYU';

USERNAME SCN TIMESTAMP


sql_REDO

JINGYU 1593448 27-JUN-17
set transaction read write;

JINGYU 1593448 27-JUN-17
update "JINGYU"."T2" set "CONTENTS" = 'aaa' where "CONTENTS" = 'WZTSQZWYOCNDFKSMNJQLOLFUBRDOHCBMKXBHAPJSHCMWBYZJVH' and ROWID = 'AAAVWVAAGAAAACLAAL';

JINGYU 1593450 27-JUN-17
commit;

可以看到,开启了附加日志,就可以正常显示username的信息了。

总结

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