ORACLE11g 没有控制文件如何通过rman备份恢复数据的详细实战过程

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1、副总裁需要裸恢复的严峻现实

集团总部的信息部负责人给我打电话说为了找一年前的记录,所以需要对一年前2015年5月1日的数据进行恢复。而2016年初因为进行迁移,所以有些文件可能丢失,手上只有rman全备文件,希望在一天之内找回,集团一个副总裁在等着这个数据有急用。

我在电话里面说马上去做,接完电话,想到只有rman备份文件,而且是备份的数据文件,没有控制文件没有参数文件的备份,所以普通的

(1)先恢复控制文件restore controlfile from ‘…bak’;

(2)然后catalog start with ‘/data/2015-05-01/’注册备份文件

(3)最后restore database;recover database;恢复数据库

三板斧的常规途径是彻底的行不通了,咋办?咋办?咋办呢?……

2、先进行数据文件的剥离

突然想起以前记得看过关于restoreDatafileTo数据抽取的操作思路,大概是如果没有控制文件后,可以从rman的数据文件备份和归档日志备份里面抽取数据文件,然后重新建立控制文件,再用resetlogs方式打开数据库

因为抽取命令里面需要填写一个个数据文件,这里有个前提是自己要熟悉自己的oracle实例的文件目录,知道备份的时候oracle实例有多少个数据文件包括文件存放目录),这样就可以快速的整理出来抽取命令的sql。如果这些都忘记了,还可以去备份日志文件里面去查看check下,一般备份日志文件里面都会有的。

根据以前记录整理下抽取命令:

DECLARE

devtype varchar2(256);

done boolean;

BEGIN

devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>06,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>07,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>08,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>09,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>10,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>11,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/data/2015-05-01/full_POWERDES_20150501_3566.bak',params=>null);

sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

END;

/

执行过程如下:

[oracle@pldb236 oradata]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba

sql*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Oct 17 21:19:32 2016

Copyright (c) 1982,2009,Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning,OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

DECLARE

owerdes/system01.dbf');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf');

devtype varchar2(256);

done boolean;

BEGIN

devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',params=>null);

sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

END;

21 /

PL/sql procedure successfully completed.

sql>

后台alert日志会显示正在不停的剥离出文件到指定目录里面去:

CKPT started with pid=13,OS id=23993

Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

SMON started with pid=14,OS id=23995

Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

RECO started with pid=15,OS id=23997

Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

MMON started with pid=16,OS id=23999

starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...

Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

MMNL started with pid=17,OS id=24001

starting up 1 shared server(s) ...

ORACLE_BASE from environment = /oracle/app/oracle

Mon Oct 17 21:20:14 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 7 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:27

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 11082135537

Full restore complete of datafile 8 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:03

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 9881798870

Full restore complete of datafile 9 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:01

checkpoint is 11106141982

Mon Oct 17 21:20:32 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 10 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:10

checkpoint is 11106141982

Mon Oct 17 21:21:25 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 3 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:01:23

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 11106022955

Undo Optimization current scn is 11106076830

Mon Oct 17 21:22:28 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 4 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:02:53

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 11082633897

Mon Oct 17 21:23:47 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 11 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:04:11

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 11100156728

Mon Oct 17 21:25:30 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 1 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:05:34

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 11039454999

Undo Optimization current scn is 11106076830

Mon Oct 17 21:28:10 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 2 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:08:27

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 11101587434

Mon Oct 17 21:29:11 2016

Full restore complete of datafile 6 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:09:33

checkpoint is 11106141982

last deallocation scn is 11082142314

3、建立控制文件

数据文件抽取成功后,需要单独自己创建控制文件,如果不知道如何创建controlfile的命令,可以在线上生成trace文件一般默认的控制文件是二进制的,打开来是乱码的 ,备份一个trace出来 可以打开看到语句了,$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/udump目录下,生成的新的 trace 文件里,trace文件生成控制文件的脚本,使用如下命令alter database backup controlfile to trace as'/oracle/app/oracle/admin/powerdes/pfile/control.sql';可以得到创建控制文件sql命令。

这里有个前提是自己要熟悉自己的oracle实例的文件目录,知道备份的时候oracle实例有多少个数据文件,有多少个redo log文件,这样就可以快速的整理出来创建控制文件sql。如果这些都忘记了,还可以去备份日志文件里面去查看check下,一般备份日志文件里面都会有的。

整理出来创建控制文件sql命令如下:

1)命令如下

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "POWERDES" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 2920

DATAFILE

'/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf',

'/home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf'

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

2)执行过程如下:

sql>

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "POWERDES" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 2920

DATAFILE

'/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf',

GROUP 3 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

23 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

Control file created.

sql>

4、进行数据恢复

开始执行数据恢复,还是依然在sql窗口里面进行操作的,操作如下:

#(1) 执行recover恢复

sql> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel ;

ORA-00279: change 11106141982 generated at 05/01/2015 03:00:08 needed for

thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2016_10_17/o1_mf_1_32

117_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 11106141982 for thread 1 is in sequence #32117

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} # 这里一般选择输入cancel即可

cancel

ORA-10879: error signaled in parallel recovery slave

ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below

ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent

ORA-01110: data file 2: '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf'

sql> alter database open resetlogs;

alter database open resetlogs

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent

ORA-01110: data file 2: '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf'

# 这时,我们无法将数据库打开,一直报ORA-01194错误,说明数据库SCN号和数据文件SCN号不一致了。这是因为控制文件我们不是从备份集里面恢复回来的,而是在抽取数据文件后手动建立的控制文件,因此要比数据文件SCN号要大(甚至特殊情况当前的数据库的会是0)。通过对v$databasev$datafilecheckpoint_change#列的查询,可以确定出本次操作中当前数据库checkpoint_chenage#0,两者完全不一致导致通过resetlogs打开数据库异常。

Bty:如果这里当前数据库v$database的值不为0,但是仍然比数据文件v$datafile里面的值大,那么则会不停报ORA-01152错误

sql> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

0

sql> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------

1 1.1106E+10

2 1.1106E+10

3 1.1106E+10

4 1.1106E+10

5 1.1106E+10

6 1.1106E+10

7 1.1106E+10

8 1.1106E+10

9 1.1106E+10

10 1.1106E+10

11 1.1106E+10

11 rows selected.

sql>

文章源地址:http://www.jb51.cc/article/p-sbirgpvl-bau.html,未经过作者mchdba(黄杉)允许,谢绝转载。

怎么办呢?这个时候,就需要我们使用_allow_resetlogs_corruption的隐含参数来处理了。


整个调整的目标是强制启动数据库,设置此参数之后,在数据库Open过程中,Oracle会跳过某些一致性检查,从而使数据库可能跳过不一致状态,Open打开:

# 启动隐含参数

sql> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

System altered.

sql> # 然后重启数据库,使参数生效,在此基础上再次恢复数据库

sql> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

sql> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytes

Fixed Size 2213936 bytes

Variable Size 4898949072 bytes

Database Buffers 1744830464 bytes

Redo Buffers 34922496 bytes

Database mounted.

sql> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

ORA-00279: change 11106141982 generated at 05/01/2015 03:00:08 needed for

thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2016_10_17/o1_mf_1_32

117_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 11106141982 for thread 1 is in sequence #32117

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

cancel

ORA-10879: error signaled in parallel recovery slave

ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below

ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent

ORA-01110: data file 2: '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf'

# 然后使用resetlogs打开数据库,成功了。

sql> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

sql>

# 然后检查scn,都是统一的了。

select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

然后使用业务表数据来判断是否已经恢复成功到这一天,查看后确认成功:

sql> select t2.* from(select t.uiid,t.updated_date from plas.plas_acct t where t.updated_date is not null order by t.updated_date desc ) t2 where rownum <10;

UIID UPDATED_DATE

-------------------------------------------------- ------------

wangyu1 01-MAY-15

gaihy 01-MAY-15

xuhl 01-MAY-15

dingchuan1 01-MAY-15

zhangcong 01-MAY-15

chenwh2 01-MAY-15

yuli2 01-MAY-15

zhangxya 01-MAY-15

qiuwj 01-MAY-15

9 rows selected.

sql>

至此,没有控制文件下通过rman恢复一年的数据做成了,然后通过expdp导出需要的数据,之后对数据库进行恢复或者重建等等。

参考文章地址:http://blog.itpub.net/11590946/viewspace-750511/

原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/oracle/212212.html

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