安装了12c版本,发现没有scott用户和11g自带的emp,dept等等的表。于是尝试解锁用户,发现用户不存在。
sql> alter user scott account unlock; alter user scott account unlock * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01918: user 'SCOTT' does not exist
手动创建用户,出错,和11g不太一样:
sql> create user scott identified by oracle; create user scott identified by oracle * ERROR at line 1: ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name
原因和pdb,cdb有关。Oracle 12C引入了CDB与PDB的新特性,在ORACLE 12C数据库引入的多租用户环境(Multitenant Environment)中,允许一个数据库容器(CDB)承载多个可插拔数据库(PDB)。CDB全称为Container Database,中文翻译为数据库容器,PDB全称为Pluggable Database,即可插拔数据库。在ORACLE 12C之前,实例与数据库是一对一或多对一关系(RAC):即一个实例只能与一个数据库相关联,数据库可以被多个实例所加载。而实例与数据库不可能是一对多的关系。当进入ORACLE 12C后,实例与数据库可以是一对多的关系。下面是官方文档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。
查看错误ORA--65096:(oracle自带错误查找工具:!oerrora65096[错误代码])
特别注意:
该工具位于$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oerr
该工具所调用的错误信息列表文件为 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msg
该工具不可用于windows上,经测试,9i,10g,11g,12c都有此工具。
sql> !oerr ora 65096 65096,00000,"invalid common user or role name" // *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name // that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to // the usual rules for user and role names,common user and role // names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII // characters. // *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name. //
在CDB中用户得以C##开头。
创建scott用户和表的sql文件在oracle的安装目录下:
D:\app\oracle\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\RDBMS\ADMIN\utlsampl.sql
主要是将scott用户相关的语句改为c##scott,删除最后的EXIT,修改完的scott.sql如下:
create.sql:
SET TERMOUT OFF SET ECHO OFF DROP USER C##SCOTT CASCADE; create user c##scott identified by tiger; grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to c##scott container=all; alter user c##scott default tablespace users; alter user c##scott temporary tablespace temp; CONNECT C##SCOTT/tiger CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ; CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,ENAME VARCHAR2(10),JOB VARCHAR2(9),MGR NUMBER(4),HIREDATE DATE,SAL NUMBER(7,2),COMM NUMBER(7,DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT); INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK'); INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS'); INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30,'SALES','CHICAGO'); INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON'); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,NULL,20); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981',1600,300,30); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD',to_date('22-2-1981',1250,500,30); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981',2975,20); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN',to_date('28-9-1981',1400,30); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698,'BLAKE',to_date('1-5-1981',2850,30); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782,'CLARK',to_date('9-6-1981',2450,10); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-JUL-87','dd-mm-rr')-85,3000,20); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',to_date('17-11-1981',5000,10); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844,'TURNER',to_date('8-9-1981',1500,30); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876,'ADAMS',7788,'dd-mm-rr')-51,1100,20); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900,'JAMES',to_date('3-12-1981',950,30); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902,'FORD',20); INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934,'MILLER',7782,to_date('23-1-1982',1300,10); CREATE TABLE BONUS ( ENAME VARCHAR2(10),SAL NUMBER,COMM NUMBER ) ; CREATE TABLE SALGRADE ( GRADE NUMBER,LOSAL NUMBER,HISAL NUMBER ); INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200); INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400); INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000); INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000); INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999); COMMIT;
测试:
sqlplus / as sysdba sql> @d:\create.sql; sql> conn c##scott/tiger sql> select table_name from user_tables; sql> select * from SALGRADE;
scott用户和表创建完成。