1.

--创建目录
CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY MY_PATH AS '/home/oracle';

2. 编辑要导入数据文件extTab.txt,内容如下:

3333,TEST_001,SALE,10
2222,TEST_999,MANAGER,1
1111,TEST_002,DEV,22

3. 将文件extTab.txt放到/home/oracle目录下

4. 进入sqlplus下,执行下面的语句创建外部表TEST_TMP

CREATE TABLE test_tmp (empno varchar2(8),ename varchar2(8),job varchar2(8),deptno varchar2(8))
organization external 
(type oracle_loader
 default directory MY_PATH
 access parameters
 (records delimited by newline
  fields terminated by ','
  missing field values are NULL
  (empno,ename,job,deptno))
  location ('extTab.txt'))
  reject limit unlimited;

注: 表字段TEST_TMP不要为INTEGER,否则会报错,数据也无法加载

外部表无法做DML操作,建议使用CTAS或INSERT INTO .. SELECT创建数据库的表来保存数据