首先上传：
上传两个database软件包到/dir 目录下
Unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
Unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
请记住这两个软件包一个一个解压。
[root@qhdb2 dir]#groupadd oinstall 创建安装组
[root@qhdb2 dir]#useradd -g oinstall -d /home/oracle oracle 创建安装用户oracle
[root@qhdb2 dir]#echo oracle |passwd --stdin oracle 赋予oracle用户密码为：oracle
编辑oracle 参数文件
[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$more .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliasesand functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specificenvironment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
exportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1
exportORACLE_SID=db2
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
if [$USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -p 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
umask 022
标红的部分在oracle11GR2以前版本是必须的、到了oracle11GR2以后版本可以不写。
Vim /etc/sysctl.conf 加入如下：
fs.aio-max-nr =1048576
fs.file-max =6815744
kernel.shmall =2097152
kernel.shmmax =4294967295
kernel.shmmni =4096
kernel.sem = 25032000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default= 262144
net.core.rmem_max =4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max =1048576
编辑下面文件
[root@qhdb2 ~]#more/etc/security/limits.conf
#for oracle
oracle soft nproc2047
oracle hard nproc16384
oracle soft nofile1024
oracle hard nofile65536
oracle soft stack10240
#for grid
grid soft nproc2047
grid hard nproc16384
grid soft nofile1024
grid hard nofile65536
grid soft stack10240
我这里没有装GI，所以可以不用写。
安装RPM包 在这里我就不多说了。
[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$ mkdir -pv /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1
mkdir: created directory `/u01/app'
mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/oracle'
mkdir: created directory`/u01/app/oracle/product'
mkdir: created directory`/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4'
mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1'
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1这是我的oracle_home目录
/u01/app/oracle 这是我的oracle_base目录
编辑静默安装的响应文件：
你只需编辑它即可
[root@qhdb2response]# pwd
/dir/database/response
[root@qhdb2response]#
[root@qhdb2response]# less db.rsp | grep -v"#" |grep -v "^$"
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=qhdb2
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
[root@qhdb2response]#
[oracle@qhdb2database]$ ./runInstaller -silent-responseFile /dir/database/response/db.rsp
Starting OracleUniversal Installer...
Checking Tempspace: must be greater than 120 MB.Actual 15219 MB Passed
Checking swapspace: must be greater than 150 MB.Actual 8149 MB Passed
Preparing to launchOracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-09_09-59-49AM. Pleasewait ...[oracle@qhdb2 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment donot meet some optional requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisitesare not met. See logs for details./u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log
ACTION: Identify the list of Failedprerequisite checks from the log:/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log. Then eitherfrom the log file or from installation manual find the appropriateconfiguration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
You can find thelog of this install session at:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log
The installation ofOracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check'/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log' for moredetails.
As a rootuser,execute the following script(s):
1./u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh
Successfully SetupSoftware.
OK安装完成、在这里它提示您要以root身份执行
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh
这个脚本。
[root@qhdb2 ~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh
[root@qhdb2 ~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh
Check/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/install/root_qhdb2_2016-12-09_10-03-22.logfor the output of root script
[root@qhdb2 ~]#more /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/install/root_qhdb2_2016-12-09_10-03-22.log
Performing rootuser operation for Oracle 11g
The followingenvironment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Entries will beadded to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created
Finished runninggeneric part of root script.
Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.
Finishedproduct-specific root actions.
Finishedproduct-specific root actions.
[root@qhdb2 ~]#
OK执行完毕、你可以查看日志。YES！
配置监听，我觉得我们使用默认的监听即可。不需要做任何修改
[root@qhdb2response]# less netca.rsp | grep -v"#" |grep -v "^$"
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
[root@qhdb2response]#
创建监听
[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca -silent -responseFile/dir/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing commandline arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" =/dir/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsingcommand line arguments.
Oracle Net ServicesConfiguration:
Profileconfiguration complete.
Oracle Net ListenerStartup:
Running Listener Control:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listenerconfiguration complete.
Oracle Net Servicesconfiguration successful. The exit code is 0
OK 监听已经完成。
[oracle@qhdb2database]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux:Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-DEC-2016 10:29:07
Copyright (c) 1991,2013,Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
STATUS of theLISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 09-DEC-2016 10:28:20
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 47 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener ParameterFile /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener LogFile/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/qhdb2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening EndpointsSummary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=qhdb2)(PORT=1522)))
The listenersupports no services
The commandcompleted successfully
启动监听OK 。
接下来我们就是静默安装建库 DBCA
[root@qhdb2response]# less dbca.rsp | grep -v"#" |grep -v "^$"
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION= "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME ="orcl11g.us.oracle.com" 实例名+主机名
SID ="orcl11g"
TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"
[createTemplateFromDB]
SOURCEDB ="myhost:1521:orcl"
SYSDBAUSERNAME ="system"
TEMPLATENAME ="My Copy TEMPLATE"
[createCloneTemplate]
SOURCEDB ="orcl"
TEMPLATENAME ="My Clone TEMPLATE"
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB ="orcl"
[generateScripts]
TEMPLATENAME ="New Database"
GDBNAME ="orcl11.us.oracle.com"
[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
[ADDINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"
NODELIST=
SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"
[DELETEINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="orcl11g.us.oracle.com"
INSTANCENAME ="orcl11g"
SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"
以下是我的dbca.rsp相应文件 大家可以参考借鉴
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION= "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME ="db2.qhdb2"
SID ="db2"
TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"
[createTemplateFromDB]
SOURCEDB ="myhost:1521:db2"
SYSDBAUSERNAME ="system"
TEMPLATENAME ="My Copy TEMPLATE"
[createCloneTemplate]
SOURCEDB ="db2"
TEMPLATENAME ="My Clone TEMPLATE"
CHARACTERSET="ZHS16GBK" 这是我加上去的
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB ="db2"
[generateScripts]
TEMPLATENAME ="New Database"
GDBNAME ="db2.qhdb2"
[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
[ADDINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "db2.qhdb2"
NODELIST=
SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"
[DELETEINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="db2.qhdb2"
INSTANCENAME ="db2"
SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"
开始执行建库
[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /dir/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS userpassword:
Enter SYSTEM userpassword:
[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /dir/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS userpassword:
Enter SYSTEM userpassword:
Copying databasefiles
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
OK
[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /dir/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS userpassword:
Enter SYSTEM userpassword:
Copying databasefiles
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating andstarting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing DatabaseCreation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the logfile "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/db2/db2.log" for furtherdetails. 这是日志信息：
注意要查看日志信息哦！
安�|曾经就不喜欢查看日志、一些简单的报信息不留心 在工作中就遇到过不开心的事情哦！
[oracle@qhdb2database]$
[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$ps -fle | grep pmon
0 S oracle 405311 0 80 0- 470537 poll_s 10:46 ? 00:00:00ora_pmon_db2
0 S oracle 40601 308870 80 0 - 25811 pipe_w 10:47 pts/1 00:00:00 grep pmon
OK instancename 已经OK
并修改一些参数信息。一定哦。因为这些我们虽然已经建库OK 了，但是在成产环境中 我们还是需要一些参数的修改。
[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/dbs/spfiledb2.ora/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/dbs/spfiledb2.ora.bak
这也是安�|的一个个人习惯、做什么事情之前都需要备份。
[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$export ORACLE_SID=db2
[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*Plus: Release11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Dec 9 10:50:03 2016
Copyright (c) 1982,Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning,OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
sql>
sql> show user
USER is"SYS"
sql> selectstatus from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
sql>
sql> show parameter processses;
sql> alter system set processes=300 scope=spfile;
System altered. 设置最大连接数
sql> altersystem set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;
System altered. 关闭回收站
sql> altersystem set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;
开启归档
设置SGA
等等、太多了下次再说吧。
多说一句哦 审计也是oracle的一种安全策略、审计的路径一定是在文件系统上。
在一些大公司、银行、证券金融一般都会开审计、除非不想开、
Oracle建议：DBA和系统工程师分开。
