A、oracle server 端 字符集查询

select userenv('language') from dual

其中NLS_CHARACTERSET 为server端字符集

NLS_LANGUAGE 为 server端字符显示形式

B、查询oracle client端的字符集

$echo $NLS_LANG

如果发现你select 出来的数据是乱码，请把client端的字符集配置成与linux操作系统相同的字符集。如果还是有乱码，则有可能是数据库中的数据存在问题，或者是oracle服务端的配置存在问题。

C、server端字符集修改

*****************************************************************

* 更改字符集步骤方法(WE8ISO8859P1 --> ZHS16GBK) *

sql>

将数据库启动到RESTRICTED模式下做字符集更改：

sql>conn /as sysdba

Connected.

sql>shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

sql>startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes

Fixed Size 451684 bytes

Variable Size 201326592 bytes

Database Buffers 33554432 bytes

Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

Database mounted.

sql>ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

System altered.

sql>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

sql>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

sql> alter database open;

Database altered.

sql>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

提示我们的字符集：新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集，这时我们可以跳过超集的检查做更改：

sql>ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

sql>select * from v$nls_parameters;

略

19 rows selected.

重启检查是否更改完成：

sql>startup

Database opened.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

D、client端字符集修改

在 /home/oracle与 /root用户目录下的.bash_profile中

添加或修改 export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8" 语句

关闭当前ssh窗口。