1 Oracle启动选项;

Oracle数据库在startup启动时，Oracle将在默认位置$ORACLE_HOME/dbs中查找初始化参数文件；Oracle以下面的顺序在其中寻找合适的初始化文件：

Spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora

Spfile.ora

Init$ORACLE_SID.ora

可以用几种方式启动oracle数据库，不同方式启动将影响启动数据库的程度，启动状态由nomount(数据库未装载)——>mount(数据库完成装载)——>open(数据库打开)

1.1 STARTUP NOMOUNT;

sql>startupnomount
ORACLEinstancestarted.

TotalSystemGlobalArea1603411968bytes
FixedSize		2253664bytes
VariableSize		1375734944bytes
DatabaseBuffers	218103808bytes
RedoBuffers		7319552bytes

Oracle读参数文件，打开实例，启动Oracle后台进程,给Oracle分配SGA。此时数据库状态为未装载。

1.2 ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;

sql>alterdatabasemount;

Databasealtered.

Oracle 打开并读取控制文件，获取数据文件和重做日志文件的名称和位置。此时数据库完成装载。

1.3 ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

sql>alterdatabaSEOpen;

Databasealtered.

Oracle打开数据文件和重做日志文件，至此Oracle可以对外提供服务。

2 通过10046事件查看内部启动过程

sql>startupnomount;

TotalSystemGlobalArea1603411968bytes
FixedSize		2253664bytes
VariableSize		1375734944bytes
DatabaseBuffers	218103808bytes
RedoBuffers		7319552bytes
sql>oradebugsetmypid
Statementprocessed.
sql>oradebugtracefile_name
/oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3682.trc
sql>altersessionsetevents'10046tracenamecontextforever,level12';

Sessionaltered.
sql>alterdatabasemount;

Databasealtered.

sql>alterdatabaSEOpen;

Databasealtered.

查看udump文件

[oracle@rhel6~]$more/oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3682.trc

Tracefile/oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3682.trc
OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.4.0-64bitProduction
WiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
Systemname:Linux
Nodename:rhel6
Release:2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
Version:#1SMPSunNov1022:19:54EST2013
Machine:x86_64
VMname:VMWareVersion:6
Instancename:orcl

Oracle数据库mount启动读取控制文件，写日志文件

...
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='controlfilesequentialread'ela=8file#=0block#=1blocks
=1obj#=-1tim=1502627703012561
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='controlfilesequentialread'ela=2file#=1block#=1blocks
=1obj#=-1tim=1502627703012583
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='controlfilesequentialread'ela=47file#=0block#=3block
s=8obj#=-1tim=1502627703012650
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='controlfilesequentialread'ela=13file#=1block#=3block
s=8obj#=-1tim=1502627703012674
...
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='ADRblockfileread'ela=847=0=0=0obj#=-1tim=150262
7707123048
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='ADRblockfileread'ela=576=0=0=0obj#=-1tim=150262
7707124068
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='ADRblockfileread'ela=562=0=0=0obj#=-1tim=150262
7707125013
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='ADRblockfileread'ela=473=0=0=0obj#=-1tim=150262
7707125891
...

Oracle数据库open过程读取控制文件信息，与读取磁盘数据文件头部进行对比

alterdatabaSEOpen
ENDOFSTMT
PARSE#140528657591192:c=0,e=274,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=0,tim=1502627713
479605
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='controlfilesequentialread'ela=8file#=0block#=1blocks
=1obj#=-1tim=1502627713479904
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='controlfilesequentialread'ela=4file#=1block#=1blocks
=1obj#=-1tim=1502627713479922
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='controlfilesequentialread'ela=2file#=0block#=15block
s=1obj#=-1tim=1502627713479931
...
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='DiskfileoperationsI/O'ela=11FileOperation=2fileno=1f
iletype=2obj#=-1tim=1502627713481300
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='DiskfileoperationsI/O'ela=6FileOperation=2fileno=2fi
letype=2obj#=-1tim=1502627713481317
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='DiskfileoperationsI/O'ela=4FileOperation=2fileno=3fi
letype=2obj#=-1tim=1502627713481327
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='DiskfileoperationsI/O'ela=4FileOperation=2fileno=4fi
letype=2obj#=-1tim=1502627713481338
WAIT#140528657591192:nam='DiskfileoperationsI/O'ela=5FileOperation=2fileno=201
filetype=2obj#=-1tim=1502627713481351